喷雾参数间互作效应对农药雾滴飘移的影响  

Interaction effects of spray parameters on pesticide spray droplet drift

作　　者：周瑞琼[1,2] 张慧春[1] 周宏平[1] 郑加强[1] 胡汉春 ZHOU Ruiqiong;ZHANG Huichun;ZHOU Hongping;ZHENG Jiaqiang;HU Hanchun(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;Productivity Promotion Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,江苏南京210037 [2]江苏省生产力促进中心,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2019年第7期612-617,638,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31371963);“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(NY-058);江苏省青蓝工程项目(苏教201842);江苏省333工程项目(苏人20186)

摘　　要：为了了解喷雾参数间互作效应对农药雾滴飘移的影响,建立了风速调节是0~6m/s的低速风洞,采用碳纤维棒收集垂直方向和水平方向上含荧光素钠的雾滴,由荧光分光光度计测定了收集杆上的荧光素钠的含量,利用SPSS软件进行分析.结果发现:雾滴飘移沉积与喷头类型、压力、喷雾介质、风速密切相关,影响雾滴飘移沉积的喷头结构参数和操作技术参数因素次序依次为风速、喷头类型、喷雾介质、压力.喷雾参数之间存在互作效应,喷雾介质与喷头类型、风速与喷头类型、风速与喷雾介质、喷雾介质与喷头类型与风速之间的互作效应较显著,其余喷雾参数之间的互作效应不显著.随着垂直高度和水平距离的增加,雾滴的沉积减少,随着喷雾压力和风速的增大,雾滴飘失严重,为了减少飘移,在实际田间喷雾作业时,要注重风速的选择.防飘移助剂Greenwet720有效地控制了雾滴的飘移沉积,表面活性剂Greenwet X-100增大了雾滴的飘移沉积.研究喷雾参数对雾滴飘移的互作效应的机理能减少雾滴飘移,提高施药的作业效率、增强病虫害防治效果、减少环境污染,对农业生产具有重要的理论和现实意义.A wind tunnel was built with an air speeds in the range 0-6 m/s.The droplets containing fluorescein sodium were collected by carbon fiber rods in the vertical and horizontal directions.The content of fluorescein sodium was measured by using fluoremeter.The SPSS software was used to analyze influences of spray parameters and their interactions on spray drift.The results show that nozzle type,pressure,spray medium and wind speed have a significant impact on droplet drift deposition.The influence of four experimental factors on the drift deposition from the most important to the least important is as follows: wind speed> nozzle type > spray medium >pressure.There are interactions between spray parameters,especially,spray medium and nozzle type,wind speed and nozzle type,wind speed and spray medium,spray medium and nozzle type and wind speed exhibit a substantial interaction,the interactions in the rest spray parameters are insignificant.At all sample positions,deposits on the collectors are reduced at lower wind speeds.However,the droplet drift is intensified with pressure and wind speed increase.To reduce the drift,the choice of wind speed in actual field pesticide spray operation should be paid attention.The drift retardant Greenwet 720 can control the drift effectively but the surfactant Greenwet X-100 increases the drift.Investigations into the mechanism of interaction effects of spray parameters on spray droplet drift are of great theoretical and practical significance to decrease of droplet drift,improvement of spraying operational efficiency,enhancement of pest control and reduction of environmental pollution.

关 键 词：喷施农药 互作效应 低速风洞 雾滴飘移 喷雾介质 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]