“一带一路”能源合作(2013—2018)的制度建构:实践创新、现实挑战与中国选择  

Institutional construction on energy cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative:practical innovation,contemporary challenges and China’s choice

作　　者：吕江 LV Jiang(Silk Road Leeai Institute foe Reeionai Cooperation and Development,Northwest University of Politicai Saienaeand Law,Xi'an Shaanxi 710063,China;Silk Road Institute foe Energy Law,Northwest University of PoliticalScienca and Law,Xi'an Shaanxi 710063,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学丝绸之路区域合作与发展法律研究院 [2]西北政法大学丝绸之路能源法研究所

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2019年第6期10-19,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“‘一带一路’倡议与国际规则体系研究”(批准号:18VDL002);陕西省国际法学科“三秦学者”创新团队、西北政法大学“一带一路”国际法重大法律问题研究青年学术创新团队、陕西省社会科学基金项目“中国(陕西)自由贸易试验区能源金融法治保障研究”(批准号:2017F009)

摘　　要："一带一路"能源合作已走过丰硕的五年。而这些成果的取得离不开制度的有力支持。自"丝绸之路经济带"倡议于2013年提出,到《"一带一路"愿景与行动》的发布,再到习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的确立,"一带一路"能源合作的制度建构,既继承了中国能源治理的原有模式,又开创性地发展了诸多新的制度路径。这表现为,在理论方面,创造性地提出了共商共建共享的合作原则,以及将人类命运共同体作为合作的基本理念,开展相应的制度创新;在实践方面,中国特色的二元结构发展模式积极有效地驱动了地方创新精神的涌现与发挥;而在对外合作上则采取了包括对接、论坛等多元化合作模式。此外,"一带一路"能源合作的制度建构是双向的,其不仅在于通过制度安排,扩大从"一带一路"沿线国家的油气进口;同时也是中国利用其在新能源和可再生能源方面的技术优势,积极支持"一带一路"沿线国家清洁能源建设的结果。当然,随着"一带一路"能源合作的深化,中国或将面临更加严峻的现实挑战。例如,在政策的进一步创新、制度建构的体系化、法律政策的规范性以及机制化建设等方面都有待于强化完善。为此,实现能源合作制度建构从功能主义向规范主义转向,由实体能源向虚拟能源合作的深化,加强"一带一路"能源合作伙伴关系的机制化建设,以及进一步扩大制度建构的开放性,通过"一带一路"第三方市场合作的模式,将更多愿意参与到"一带一路"能源建设的国家纳入到其中,将是中国能源合作走向成熟,并为全球能源治理提供新思路新方案的有力举措。energy cooperation of the Belt and Road initiative has made fruitful achievements since 2013.These achievements cannot ignore institutions’strong support.From Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative be proposed to the Belt and Road Vision and Action be released,and then to the establishment of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,Institutional Construction on Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative not only inherits the original China’s energy governance model,but also innovatively develops many new institutional approaches.In the aspect of theory,the Belt and Road Initiative creatively puts forward the principle of Consultation,Construction and Shared Benefit(CCSB),and the cooperation idea based on Community of Shared Future for Mankind(CSFM),both of which help to do institutional innovation on the Belt and Road Initiative energy cooperation.Practically,the dual structure development mode with Chinese characteristics effectively drives local innovative spirit for energy cooperation.At the same time,China adopts diversified energy cooperation mode including institutional synergies and forum.In addition,it is balance in institutional construction of energy cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative.On the one hand,countries along the Belt and Road Initiative export their oil to China by energy agreements.On the other hand,China supports these countries’clean energy development by their renewable technology arrangements.However,the institutional construction on the Belt and Road Initiative energy cooperation would also face a few severe challenges,such as policy innovation,institutional systemaltization,and improve rule of law.Therefore,in the future,institutional construction on energy cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative would turn from functionalism to normativism,deepen virtual energy cooperation,build third-party market cooperation,and further extend opening-up degree of system construction.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 中国方案 能源法 能源政策 

分 类 号：D996.4[政治法律—经济法学]