明代淮、扬二府盐业制度考论  

The Study on the Salt Industry System of Huaian and Yangzhou in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李小庆 LI Xiaoqing

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《盐业史研究》2019年第2期21-30,共10页Salt Industry History Research

摘　　要：明代淮、扬二府之盐法经历过多次变动:初行户口食盐法,至晚到成化初年户口食盐已经停派,各州县佥派铺户至淮、仪二所拆买单盐。但由此带来单盐价高,销量欠佳,苦累铺户赔补。为此,隆庆二年庞尚鹏曾一度革除二府官引,后二府食盐政策频繁变动,略显混乱,直到万历十五年方才重新订立二府"食盐"规制,但官引依旧难销。万历后期,袁世振于淮、扬建立起迥异于纲盐法的"食盐"运销体系,试图挽回市场,亦无显著成效。二府官引长期滞销,皆因其地私盐易得且价廉,官私之价格差致使官盐缺乏市场竞争力。尽管如此,明代政府并未放弃二府的官盐销售,其目的除稳固引岸以增加额课外,更多地是通过维系官盐销售,将淮、扬当作缓冲地带,防止私盐藉此透漏,冲击其他引岸,其根本仍在维系官盐市场稳定以确保政府的财政收入。The salt method of Huaian and Yangzhou has undergone many changes in the Ming Dynasty:the initial household salt method, till the early years of Chenghua, the method has been suspended, and shoppers of counties were ordered to buy salt in the two places. However, the price of salt was high, the sales volume was not good, and the shoppers were compensated. To this end, in the second year of Longqing, Pang Shangpeng once expelled the official residence of the two places. The salt policy changed frequently and was slightly chaotic. It was not until the fifteen years of Wanli that the rules for the salt were re-established, but the official salt tickets were still difficult to sell. In the later period of Wanli, Yuan Shizhen established a salt transportation and marketing system that was different from the salt method in Huaian and Yangzhou to save the market but without any significant results. The official salt tickets of the two places were unsalable in the long-term, because the private salt in the area was easy to get and cheap, and the price difference between the official and the private caused the official salt to lack market competitiveness. Despite this, the Ming government did not abandon the official salt sales at the two places. The purpose of the government was to increase the amount of salt tax by strength the authorized salt market, and more to maintain the sales of official salt, and to use Huaian and Yangzhou as buffer zones to prevent private salt to impact other authorized salt market.The fundamental meaning of the policy is to maintain the stability of the official salt market to ensure the government’s fiscal revenue.

关 键 词：淮、扬二府 盐业制度 单盐 庞尚鹏 袁世振 私盐 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]