不同干旱胁迫对花生生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Drought Stress on Growth, Development and Yield of Peanut Variety Huayu 36

作　　者：石必显[1] 林明[1] 顾元国[1] 贾东海[1] 侯献飞 苏君红 于伯成[1] 李强[1] SHI Bi-xian;LIN Ming;GU Yuan-guo;JIA Dong-hai;HOU Xian-fei;SU Jun-hong;YU Bo-cheng;LI Qiang(Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Science & Technology Extension Center of Yumin County,Yumin Xinjiang 834800,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆塔城裕民县农业技术推广中心,新疆裕民834800

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2019年第3期422-429,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系“新疆综合试验站”(CARS-13);自治区重点研发计划“高产优质花生新品种筛选与高产栽培研究”(2016B01008-2)~~

摘　　要：【目的】在新疆特殊生态条件下,分析花生在不同干旱胁迫下的生长发育规律,研究花生不同生育时期对干旱胁迫的敏感性,为新疆花生生产合理灌溉和产量提高提供依据。【方法】以花生品种花育36为材料,通过人工控水对其进行干旱胁迫,设置花针期干旱、结荚期干旱和全生育期干旱三个处理,以正常灌水为对照,研究不同生育时期各处理的相关农艺性状及最终产量的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫会影响到花生的各生育期进程,长期受旱会缩短花生的生育期时间;各生育时期遭受干旱胁迫后,花生在株高、叶面积系数、地上部干物质积累和荚果干重均有不同程度的降低,且随干旱时间的延长,降低幅度增大。结荚期干旱胁迫对花生株高的影响相对较小,花针期干旱对植株生长发育及产量的影响较大。干旱胁迫对最终产量的影响不但与有效果数的降低有关,而且与荚果的饱满度(百果重)有关,两者共同作用造成了花生产量的降低。【结论】不同程度干旱胁迫会对花生的生育期进程、株高、叶面积系数、地上部干物质积累和荚果干重等造成不同影响,花针期干旱对花生生长发育及收获产量的影响相对较大,该生育时期花生对土壤缺水比较敏感,易限制产量的形成。【Objective】 To study growth and development law of peanut under different drought stresses in special ecological conditions in Xinjiang,and clarify the sensitivity of peanut to drought stress at different growth stages in the hope providing scientific basis for scientific and rational irrigation and increasing yield of peanut production in Xinjiang.【Method】 Peanut variety Huayu 36 was used as test material,and drought stress was conducted by artificial water control.Three drought treatments were set: flowering stage drought,podding stage drought and the whole growth period drought,and with normal irrigation as the control the changes of agronomic traits and final yield in different growth stages under different treatments were investigated.【Result】 The results showed that drought stress affected the growth stages of peanut,long term drought will shorten the growth period of peanut.After drought stress at different growth stages,plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight of peanut decreased to varying degrees.With the extension of drought time,the reducing amplitude became larger.At podding stage,drought stress had relatively small influence on peanut plant height.The effects of flowering stage drought on plant growth and yield were significant.The effect of drought stress on the final yield was not only related to the decrease of effective fruit number,but also related to the 100- pod weight.The combination of the two factors together decreased the peanut yield.【Conclusion】 Different degrees of drought stress caused different effects on peanut growth process,plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and pod dry weight.The effects of flowering stage drought on the growth and yield of peanut were relatively large,peanut is sensitive to soil water shortage during this period and is easy to limit the production formation.

关 键 词：花生 干旱胁迫 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]