碳化硼粉体合成方法的研究进展  

Research Progress of Synthesis Methods of Boron Carbide Powder

作　　者：种小川 肖国庆[1] 丁冬海[1,2,3] 白冰 CHONG Xiaochuan;XIAO Guoqing;DING Donghai;BAI Bing(College of Materials and Mineral Resources,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055;Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’ an 710055;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories,Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程博士后流动站,西安710055 [3]中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司先进耐火材料国家重点实验室,洛阳471039

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第15期2524-2531,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51572212;51502236;51772236);中国博士后科学基金(2016M602940XB);先进耐火材料国家重点实验室开放课题~~

摘　　要：作为一种难熔非金属超硬碳化物材料,碳化硼(B4C)逐渐得到学者们的广泛关注,关于B4C粉体的制备方法和应用已成为重要研究热点之一。B4C不仅有超高的硬度,同时有高熔点、高的中子吸收性、化学稳定、低密度等诸多优异性能,被大量地应用于机械装备、磨具磨料、催化载体等领域。目前,B4C粉体在耐火材料防氧化剂、高温热电偶、防护装甲、核反应堆屏蔽材料等领域的应用潜力被不断挖掘,但传统制备方法得到的B4C粉体粒度不均匀、杂质含量高,尤其是颗粒粗大、形貌单一,使B4C的优异性能难以充分发挥,严重限制了其应用。相对于传统的B4C粉体,高纯度、低维度、粒度均匀的B4C粉体能有效地改善B4C材料的烧结性能,提高其断裂韧性。因此,制备高纯度、尺寸均匀、小粒径、高长径比的B4C粉体更有意义。然而,B4C是由90%以上的共价键组成且合成过程的动力学、热力学条件复杂,使得B4C粉体合成困难,尤其是想通过低成本、简单工艺要求的方法合成高性能、应用领域广泛的B4C粉体。因此,越来越多的研究者通过多种途径改进合成方法以得到性能优异的B4C粉体,从而改善B4C粉体的烧结性能、提高其断裂韧性,以此来满足越来越广泛的应用领域要求和适用于越来越苛刻的应用环境。近年来,许多文献报道通过多种方法都可以得到高纯度、低维度、粒度均匀的B4C粉体。元素合成法制备的B4C粉体虽然产量较小,但是一般纯度较高,工业中最常用的碳热还原法得到的B4C的最小粒度为20~30 nm,快速节能的自蔓延高温合成法可以得到厚度为10~50 nm的片状B4C,棒状、纤维状等特殊形貌的B4C主要通过化学气相沉积法合成,而溶剂热还原法、VLS生长法、粒子束合成法等一些新的合成方法也都获得了纳米尺寸的B4C粉体。这些最新的成果主要通过改变原料种类、提高原料品质、采用不�As a refractory non-metallic superhard carbide material,boron carbide(B4C)has attracted more and more attention,and the research on its preparation methods and application has became one of the hot topics.B4C not only has ultra-high hardness,but also has many excellent properties such as high melting point,high neutron absorption,chemical stability,low density and so on.It has been widely used in mechanical equipment,abrasives,and catalytic carriers.However,with the potential of B4C powder in the field of refractory antioxidants,high temperature thermocouples,protective armor,and nuclear reactor shielding materials and so on.The B4C powder obtained by the traditional preparation met-hod has uneven particle size and high impurity content,especially the coarse particles and single morphology,which can not fully exert the excellent performance of B4C,and severely limits the application of B4C powder.Compared with the traditional B4C powder,the powder with high purity,low dimension and uniform particle size can effectively improve the sintering performance and fracture toughness of B4C materials.Therefore,it is more meaningful to prepare B4C powders with high purity,uniform size,small particle size,and high aspect ratio.However,it is difficult to synthesize B4C powders because B4C is composed of more than 90%covalent bonds and the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions of the synthesis process are complicated.Especially,it is difficult to synthesize B4C powders with high performance and wide application fields by low cost and simple process requirements.Therefore,more and more researchers have improved the synthesis method in various ways to obtain B4C powder with excellent performance,thereby improving the sintering properties of B4C powder and improving fracture toughness,so as to meet more and more application fields and more demanding application environments.In recent years,many literatures reported that B4C powders with high purity,low dimension and uniform particle size can be obtained by various methods.B4C pow

关 键 词：碳化硼 碳热还原 自蔓延高温合成 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]