辽西北土地利用动态变化及影响因素分析  

Dynamics Change and Effect Factors Analysis of Land Use in Northwestern Liaoning Province

作　　者：李秀芬[1] 蔡慧君 金磊 王平华 张泽秀 刘江[1] LI Xiu-fen;CAI Hui-jun;JIN Lei;WANG Ping-hua;ZHANG Ze-xiu;LIU Jiang(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Dalian Meteorological Bureau,Dalian Liaoning 116001,China;Meteorological Bureau of Chaoyang County,Chaoyang Liaoning 122000,China;Taiyuan Meteorological Bureau,Taiyuan 030082,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [2]大连市气象局,辽宁大连116001 [3]朝阳县气象局,辽宁朝阳122000 [4]太原市气象局,太原030082

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2019年第3期257-265,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500302)

摘　　要：基于3S技术,利用1980~2010年4期遥感影像数据(1980年,1990年,2000年和2010年)及相关统计资料,对典型生态脆弱区辽西北地区的土地利用动态变化及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:该区域的土地利用结构在30年间发生了明显变化。耕地和建设用地面积持续增加,分别增加1601.51km^2和332.92km^2;林地、水域及未利用地面积持续减少,分别减少925.33,207.85,448.43km^2;草地面积呈现增(↑159.71km^2)-减(↓643.25km^2)-增(↑130.77km^2)的变化模式。各土地利用类型在1980~1990年相互转换最多,2000~2010年相互转化最少。30年间林地和草地主要流向耕地,建设用地以占用其他各类土地的方式持续扩张,减少的水域面积主要转化为耕地,未利用地的持续减少则是由耕地和城市的扩张占用所致。研究区总体土地利用变化程度不断减弱,综合土地利用动态度由0.33减小到0.09,且2000年之前的总体土地利用变化程度明显高于后期;单一土地利用动态度的变化,以草地、未利用地、建设用地变化程度较为剧烈。驱动力分析表明,人为和自然两大因素共同驱动了该区域土地利用的变化,两大因素的累积贡献率分别为62.84%和32.42%。其中,干旱化加剧(干燥度年增速率达0.033℃·d·mm^-1)是水域面积持续减少及林地恢复较慢的主要驱动因素,人口增加(30年总人口增加了229.16万人)和经济发展(三个产业分别增加了590.58亿元、1523.61亿元和1044.30亿元)及产业经济结构的改变共同驱动了区域内耕地和建设用地的增加,多个林业生态工程的实施是驱动林、草地面积变化的主要政策因素。To investigate th e characteristics of land use changes and its driving forces in Northwestern Liaoning province-the typical ecological fragile area,the remote sensing images of this region in 1980,1990,2000 and 2010 and relevant statistic data were analyzed using 3 S technology.The results showed that there were significant changes in land use patterns during the past30 years.The areas of farmland and construction land increased continuously by 1601.51 km^2 and 332.92 km^2,respectively,whereas the areas of woodland,water body and unused land continued to decrease by 925.33 km^2,207.85 km^2 and 448.43 km^2,respectively.On the other hand,the area of grassland experienced an increase(↑159.71 km^2)-decrease(↓643.25 km^2)-increase(↑130.77 km^2)pattern.The inter-conversion among different land use types was the most amount during 1980-1990 period,and the least amount during 2000-2010 period.During the past 30 years,the woodland and grassland were mainly transformed to farmland,the area of construction land increased continuously by occupying other types of land,the lost area of water body was transformed to farmland,and the continuous decrease in unused land was due to the expansion of the farmland and urban.In general,the dynamic degree of land use change in the study region decreased continuously,the comprehensive dynamic degree of land use changes were decreased from 0.33 to 0.09,and the degree of changes of land use types before 2000 were significantly higher than that after 2000.Grassland,unused land,and construction land were changed drastically in terms of the dynamic degree of land use change for single land use type.The relationship between land use changes and driving forces indicated that both human and natural factors led to the land use change in study region,which explained 62.84%and 32.42%of land use change,respectively.The intensified aridity(the annual increasing rate of dryness was 0.033℃·d·mm^-1)was the major reason inducing the continuous decrease in areas of water body and hindering the

关 键 词：辽西北地区 土地利用 动态变化 驱动力 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]