知信行健康宣教对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响  

Effect of health education under KAP model on pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

作　　者：魏小华[1] 白飞月 张瑶 冯香艳[3] 金晓娜[4] 姚晚侠[3] 彭蓉[2] WEI Xiaohua;BAI Feiyue;ZHANG Yao;FENG Xiangyan;JIN Xiaona;YAO Wanxia;PENG Rong(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China;Department of Medical Information Management Office,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China;Medical College of Xi'an Peihua University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710125,China;Medical College of Xi'an Internation University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院妇产科,陕西西安710061 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院医疗信息管理办公室,陕西西安710061 [3]西安培华学院医学院护理系,陕西西安710125 [4]西安外事学院医学院护理系,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《安徽医药》2019年第7期1400-1404,共5页Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点研发项目(2017SF-281)

摘　　要：目的探讨知信行健康宣教对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2016年12月至2017年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院产科门诊接诊的部分妊娠期糖尿病孕妇370例,采用随机数字表法分成干预组和对照组(每组185例)。对照组孕妇给予常规的护理,干预组孕妇在对照组基础上进行基于知信行理论的健康宣教。比较两组孕妇及围产儿的妊娠结局。结果①干预组孕妇治疗依从性85.95%、血糖控制满意度达标率74.59%均高于对照组60.54%、54.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=30.464,P=0.00;χ^2=16.178,P=0.00);②干预组孕妇妊娠期高血压疾病4.32%、剖宫分娩的发生率38.38%明显低于对照组16.76%、50.27%,均差异有统计学意义(χ^2=15.162,P=0.00;χ^2=5.301,P=0.02);③干预组围产儿巨大儿发生率2.70%、早产率5.95%明显低于对照组7.57%、14.05%,均差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.494,P=0.03;χ^2=6.757,P=0.01)。结论基于知信行理论的健康宣教有助于提高妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的治疗依从性,改善孕妇血糖状况,从而减少母儿不良结局的发生。Objective To explore the effect of health education under KAP model on pregnancy outcomes in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Methods From December 2016 to December 2017,370 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus women in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were selected and randomly divided into intervention group(185 cases)and control group(185 cases).The control groupgot common nursing care and the intervention group was given health education under KAP model on the basis of control group.The pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results①The comparative results of gestational diabetes mellitus intervention group and control group showed that the compliance rate of maternal and blood glucose control were both higher than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(85.95%vs.60.54%,χ^2=30.464,P=0.00;74.59%vs.54.59%,χ^2=16.178,P=0.00);②The incidence of gestational hypertension,oligohydramnios and cesarean delivery in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group,and the incidence of macrosomia,preterm birth in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(4.32%vs.16.76%,χ^2=15.162,P=0.00;38.38%vs.50.27%,χ^2=5.301,P=0.02);③The result of correlation analysis between health education and adverse pregnancy outcomes showed that health education was statistically correlated with gestational hypertension,oligohydramnios,cesarean delivery,macrosomia and preterm birth(2.70%vs.7.57%,χ^2=4.494,P=0.03;5.95%vs.14.05%,χ^2=6.757,P=0.01).Conclusion Health education under KAP model in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus can enhance the patients’compliance,improve the blood glucose status,and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

关 键 词：妊娠期糖尿病 知信行理论 健康宣教 妊娠结局 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]