气候变化对安徽省大气污染扩散能力的影响  

Atmospheric Pollution Diffusion in Anhui Province under Global Climate Change

作　　者：黄勇[1,2,3] 张红 汪腊宝[1,2,3] 王儒威[5] 梅建鸣 HUANG Yong;ZHANG Hong;WANG La-bao;WANG Ru-wei;MEIJian-ming(Anhui Key Lab of Atmospheric Science and Remote Sensing,Anhui Meteorology Institute,Hefei 230031,China;Shouxian National Climatology Observatory,Shouxian 232200,China;Typical Eco- meteorological Farmland base of Huaihe River Basin CMA,Shouxian 232200,China;Anhui Institute of Environment Science,Hefei 230071,China;USTC School of Earth and Space Science,Hefei 230026,China;Tongling Environment Observatory,Tongling 244000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]寿县国家气候观象台,安徽寿县232200 [3]中国气象局淮河流域典型农田生态气象观测野外科学试验基地,安徽寿县232200 [4]安徽省环境科学研究院,合肥230071 [5]中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学学院,合肥230026 [6]铜陵市环境监测中心站,安徽铜陵244000

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2019年第6期55-62,共8页Equipment Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0201900);中央引导地方资金科技惠民项目(2016080802D116);安徽省公益性技术应用研究联动项目(1604f0804001,1604f0804002)

摘　　要：利用气象部门整编的30年(1981—2010年)气候资料中,安徽省内35个未搬迁的地面气象站观测资料,分析安徽省大气污染扩散能力的变化特征。时间变化方面,安徽省的不稳定日数比重以每年0.31%的速度增加,大气扩散能力经历了“增强-减弱-增强”的起伏式变化,1997—2004年是扩散能力降低的时期。在空间分布上,除沿江中、西部和皖南山区东部的局部地区出现不稳定日比重下降(安庆站的下降速率最快,为每年-0.32%)的变化趋势外,其他地区均呈逐年升高趋势。高斯扩散模型的模拟结果表明,安徽省的大气污染扩散能力总体上有所增强,在35个台站中,有1/2的台站扩散能力出现了降低的变化趋势。此外,在安徽省淮北东部、大别山西北部和皖南山区东北部,大气的垂直扩散能力得到了增强,水平输送能力有所减弱。沿(长)江西部,大气的垂直扩散能力有所减弱,但水平输送能力却得到增强。In this paper, the change characteristics of atmospheric pollution diffusion in Anhui Province were studied with the 30 years(from 1981—2010) data of 35 meteorological observatories, which had not been relocated from 1981 to 2010. For time variation, the percent of unstable day was increased annually at 0.31%. The atmospheric pollution diffusion was evolved with the character of "enhancement-decrease-enhancement". The ability of diffusion was decreased from 1997 to 2004. For the spatial distribution, the change trend of unstable day proportion was increased year by year, except the regions of West and East area along the Yangtze River, and some area in eastern of mountain area in Southern Anhui(that of Anqing decreased the fastest,with an annual rate of -0.32%). The simulation results with Gauss modes showed that, most of the region’s atmospheric pollutant dispersion capacity was enhanced with the same pollution source. In addition, the diffusion ability of half of the 35 observatories was decreased. The vertical diffusion was enhanced and the horizontal transmission was weakened in some regions, such as eastern part of Huaibei Plain, west-northern of Dabie Mountain and east-northern of mountain area in Southern Anhui. Oppositely, in the west part of Yangtze River, the vertical diffusion was weakened and horizontal transmission was enhanced.

关 键 词：大气污染 扩散能力 高斯扩散模型 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]