生物质炭与土质互作对土壤硝态氮含量的动态影响  

Dynamic Effect of Interaction between Biochar and Soil Texture on Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Amount

作　　者：殷全玉[1] 李阳 张玉兰[1] 王生才 方明 李宏光 王新发 刘国顺[1] YIN Quanyu;LI Yang;ZHANG Yulan;WANG Shengcai;FANG Ming;LI Hongguang;WANG Xinfa;LIU Guoshun(College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002;Chenzhou Branch of Hunan Province Tobacco Company, Hunan Chenzhou 423000;Henan Huinong Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 452470, China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]郴州市烟草公司,湖南郴州423000 [3]河南惠农有限公司,郑州45000

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2019年第6期143-151,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司浓香型特色优质烟叶开发重大专项[110201101001(TS-01)];郴烟研[2018]55号资助

摘　　要：为探讨生物质炭改良植烟土壤的技术途径,在玻璃温室内,用蒸渗仪种植烟草,研究不同炭化温度(360℃、500℃)的生物质炭与土质(壤土和砂土)互作对植烟土壤0~30 cm土层硝态氮含量动态变化及土壤-烟株体系氮素表观损失量的影响。结果表明:①施用生物质炭能增加土壤硝态氮含量,施用低温炭(360℃)和高温炭(500℃)土壤硝态氮含量较对照分别增加20.58%和8.97%,低温炭比高温炭对硝态氮的持留效果更好;②低温炭对土壤硝态氮的持留作用主要发生在0~10 cm土层,而高温炭主要发生在10~20 cm土层,分别比对照高38.39%和7.37%,均达到显著水平;③施加低温炭后壤土和砂土硝态氮含量分别比对照高16.09%和29.18%,可见施加低温炭对砂土保肥效果的提升高于壤土;而施加高温炭后壤土和砂土硝态氮含量分别比对照高11.03%和4.97%,可见施加高温炭对壤土保肥效果的提升高于砂土;④施用生物质炭能减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量,低温炭比高温炭效果更好。各处理(壤土施化肥+低温炭、壤土施化肥+高温炭、砂土施化肥+低温炭、砂土施化肥+高温炭)分别较各自常规施肥对照的氮素表观损失量减少40.27%、34.10%、68.72%和54.05%,均与对照差异显著。因此,施用生物质炭能增强土壤对硝态氮持留效果,减少土壤-烟株体系的氮素表观损失量,低温炭比高温炭效果更显著,为生物质炭在植烟土壤中的合理施用提供理论指导。In order to explore the technological way of improving tobacco soil by biomass carbon,this paper studied the effect of interaction between biochar of different pyrolysed temperatures( 360℃ and 500℃) and soil textures( loam soil and sandy soil) on dynamic change of nitrate nitrogen content and apparent N loss of soil-tobaco plant system in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer. The results showed that:① Applying biochar could increase NO3--N contents in soil.The soil NO3--N contents in application of biochar treated by low-temperature( 360℃) and high-temperature( 500℃) increased by 20.58% and 8.97% than that of the control group. Soil NO3--N retention capacity applied with low-temperature pyrolysed biochar is better than that with high-temperature pyrolysed biochar.② The effect of lowtemperature carbon on soil NO3--N was mainly occurred in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer. While,that of high-temperature carbon was in 10 ~ 20 cm soil layer. Their effects were 38.39% and 7.37% higher than that of the control,respectively,and all reached the significant level.③ The NO3--N contents in loam soil and sandy soil were 16.09% and 29.18% higher than that of the control,respectively,indicating the fertilizer retention effect of applying low-temperature biochar in sandy soil was better than that in loam soil. The NO3--N contents in loam soil and sandy soil with application of hightemperature biochar were 11. 03% or 4. 97% higher,respectively than that of the control. It indicated the fertilizer retention effect of applying high-temperature biochar in loam soil was better than that in sandy soil.④ Application of biochar could reduce the apparent N loss of soil-tobacco plant system. The effect of low-temperature biochar was better than that of high-temperature biochar. The apparent N loss of each treatment( chemical fertilizer + lowtemperature biochar in loam soil,chemical fertilizer + high-temperature biochar in loam soil,chemical fertilizer +low-temperature biochar in sandy soil,chemical fertilizer + high-temperature biochar in sandy soil

关 键 词：生物质炭 炭化温度 壤土 砂土 硝态氮 淋溶 氮素表观损失量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]