Fe-Cu-Pb合金液-液相分离及废旧电路板混合金属分级分离与回收  

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Fe-Cu-Pb Alloy and Its Application in Metal Separation and Recycling of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

作　　者：陈斌[1,2] 何杰[1,2] 孙小钧[1,2] 赵九洲[1,2] 江鸿翔 张丽丽[1] 郝红日[1] CHEN Bin;HE Jie;SUN Xiaojun;ZHAO Jiuzhou;JIANG Hongxiang;ZHANG Lili;HAO Hongri(Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China,Shenyang 110016, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110016

出　　处：《金属学报》2019年第6期751-761,共11页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51574216;51774264和51374194;中国科学院金属研究所创新基金重点项目No.SCJJ-2013-ZD-03;辽宁省自然科学基金项目No.2015020172~~

摘　　要：以废旧手机电路板为研究对象,采用热解技术使电路板金属与非金属解离,获得以Fe、Cu和Pb为主组分的混合金属。基于主组分为Fe、Cu和Pb,实验研究了(Fe0.4Cu0.6)100-xPbx三元合金的液-液相分离行为。结果表明,合适成分的Fe-Cu-Pb三元合金熔体在冷却过程中首先发生液-液相分离L→L(Fe)+L(Cu, Pb),待L(Fe)液相凝固后,剩余的液相L(Cu, Pb)再次发生液-液相分离L(Cu, Pb)→L(Cu)+L(Pb),最终主要形成富Fe、富Cu和富Pb三区分离结构。基于Fe-Cu-Pb合金液-液相分离凝固特征,设计了废旧电路板混合金属自组装分级分离系统,研究了混合金属中次组分Cr、Au、Cd等在主组分Fe、Cu和Pb中的富集行为,分析了离心超重条件对混合金属分离率和回收率的影响,建立了废旧手机电路板金属资源无害化回收处理新方法。The pyrolysis processing was carried out on the waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs) of mobile phones to dissociate metals from non-metals and obtain mixed metals with Fe, Cu and Pb as main components. Based on the main compositions of Fe, Cu and Pb, the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior of(Fe0.4Cu0.6)100-xPbx ternary alloy has been studied experimentally. The results show that the liquid-liquid phase separation of L→L(Fe)+L(Cu, Pb) may occur during the ternary Fe-Cu-Pb alloy melt cooling in the miscibility gap. After the liquid L(Fe) solidified, the secondary liquid-liquid phase separation L(Cu, Pb) →L(Cu) + L(Pb) takes place in the residual L(Cu, Pb) liquid phase, finally resulting in a threezone separation structure. On the basis of the behavior of the liquid-liquid phase separation, a self-organized hierarchical separation system has been designed to separate and recycle these mixed metals from WPCBs. The enrichment behavior of the minor components like Cr, Au and Cd in the separation system was explored. The effect of super-gravity level on the metal separation and recycling rates has been discussed. As a result, a new harmless route has been established to recycle metal resources in WPCBs.

关 键 词：难混溶合金 Fe-Cu-Pb合金 液-液相分离 废旧电路板 金属分离与回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]