信阳茶区土壤养分的演变  

Soil Nutrient Evolution in Xinyang Tea Region

作　　者：李贞霞 陈倩倩 任秀娟 黎星辉[2] LI Zhen-xia;CHEN Qian-qian;REN Xiu-juan;LI Xing-hui(College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China;Tea Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003 [2]南京农业大学茶叶科学研究所,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第2期341-347,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点项目(15A210002);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-19);国家自然科学基金项目(31800590)资助

摘　　要：为了解信阳茶区茶园土壤养分丰缺现状,为化肥减施提供理论依据,本研究监测了不同植茶年限(0、10、20、30、40年)0~20 cm土壤的养分及土壤交换性离子,分析其随植茶年限的变化特性。结果表明:茶园土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效钾与植茶年限呈显著正相关,有效磷与植茶年限呈显著负相关;茶园土壤有机质含量达36.15 g kg^-1,达理想状态;碱解氮、有效钾、有效磷含量都表现为富集;土壤有机质与碱解氮和有效钾呈显著正相关,与有效磷呈显著负相关;茶园氮肥以铵态氮(NH4^+-N)为主,氮肥形态可影响土壤pH及交换性Al^3+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+的变化,有机质直接影响交换性K^+的变化。信阳茶区茶园土壤养分达到并超过优质高产高效茶园土壤养分需求,其氮磷钾肥明显呈现施入过量后的积累现象。该研究结果可以为茶园土壤可持续利用及茶园减施化肥提供依据。In order to know the status of abundance and shortage of soil nutrients and provide theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers, soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depths of tea garden with different cultivated years(0, 10, 20, 30, 40 years) in Xinyang tea region. Soil nutrients and exchangeable base cations were measured and their changes with the cultivating yearswere analyzed. Soil organic matter(SOM), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(N), available potassium(K) and available phosphorus(P) in tea garden were significantly correlated with the cultivated years. The contentof SOM reached an ideal state, with a valueup to 36.15 g kg^-1. Alkali-hydrolyzable N,available Kand available Pall showed at rich levels.There was a significantly positive correlation between SOM and alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K. A significantlynegative correlation was found between available P and cultivated years. The Nfertilizer form(mainly fraction as ammonium N, NH4^+-N) in the tea garden affected the evolution of soil pH and the changes of soil exchangeable Al^3+, exchangeable Ca^2+ and exchangeable Mg^2+. The SOM directly affected the variety of exchangeable K^+. Soil nutrients in the tea gardens of Xinyang reached and exceeded the demandsof tea forhigh-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency. Theapplications of N, P and K fertilizerswere excessively accumulated. The resultscould provide the basis for the sustainable production and the reduction of chemicalfertilizers in the tea garden.

关 键 词：茶园 施肥 土壤养分 土壤PH 植茶年限 

分 类 号：S158.4[农业科学—土壤学]