从家庭养老到社会养老:新中国70年农村养老方式变迁  

From Family Supporting to Social Pension: A Study on the Changes of Rural Old-age Care in the Past 70 Years in New China

作　　者：舒奋[1] Shu Fen(The Party School of Ningbo Municipal Committee of C.P. C., Ningbo 315020)

机构地区：[1]中共宁波市委党校

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2019年第6期83-91,157,158,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省党校系统中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心第十五批规划课题:《浙江社会养老保险体系的可持续发展研究》(编号:ZX15030);2019年度宁波市哲学社会科学规划课题《老龄化背景下退休政策调整研究——以宁波为例》(编号:G19-ZX45)

摘　　要：养老是人类社会发展中必须妥善解决的重大问题。赡养老人既是中华民族的优良传统,也是每个公民应当具有的基本道德规范和行为准则。本文通过养老方式概念界定、养老方式划分,对新中国70年来农村养老方式变迁的四个阶段进行了历史回顾和简要分析,认为农业生产方式、经济发展程度、农村社会体制、社会政策取向和家庭人口结构等要素在养老方式的形成、发展与转变中起着十分重要的作用。当前,随着城乡一体的社会养老保险制度建立和社会养老服务的快速发展,从家庭养老走向社会养老将是中国农村养老方式发展的必然选择。Old-age care is a major issue that must be properly addressed in the development of human society. Supporting the elderly is a good tradition of the Chinese nation and a basic ethical norm that every citizen should have. Through the concept definition and the division of old-age care, this article reviews and briefly analyzes the four stages of rural elderly care reform in the past 70 years. It is believed that factors such as agricultural production mode, economic development level, rural social system, social policy orientation and family population structure play an important role in the formation, development and transformation of old-age care. At present, with the establishment of the social old-age insurance system and the rapid development of social old-age services, the transition from family supporting to social pension will be an inevitable choice for the development of rural old-age care in China.

关 键 词：农村养老 养老方式 变迁与发展 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学] F323.89[政治法律—中外政治制度]