不同钾水平下厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮磷钾吸收及利用特征  

The Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake and Utilization at Different Potassium Levels at Late Growth Stages of Muskmelon

作　　者：王小娟[1,2,3] 陈健晓 伍壮生[1,2,3] 李雪峤[1,2,3] 张文 吴月燕 廖道龙[1,2,3] 高芳华 WANG Xiaojuan;CHEN Jianxiao;WU Zhuangsheng;LI Xueqiao;ZHANG Wen;WU Yueyan;LIAO Daolong;GAO Fanghua(Vegetable Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China;Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Melon and Vegetable Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Vegetable and Biology, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China;Cereal Crop Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口571100 [2]海南省瓜菜育种工程技术研究中心,海南海口571100 [3]海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室,海南海口571100 [4]海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2019年第6期1046-1054,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.20153099);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系专项资金(No.nycytx-36)

摘　　要：以‘翠甜’厚皮甜瓜为试材,采用盆栽砂培试验,设6个钾水平,即K1~K6(0、3、6、9、12、15mmol/L),研究其对厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响。结果表明:施钾能够降低厚皮甜瓜各器官氮含量及成熟期根、茎叶氮累积量,显著增加果实氮累积量;增加根、果实磷含量及各器官磷累积量,显著增加果实、单株磷累积量;增加各器官钾含量及钾累积量,显著增加茎叶、果实以及单株钾累积量;显著增加氮生理利用效率和磷收获指数,增加氮收获指数,显著降低钾收获指数和磷、钾生理利用效率;单果鲜重以K2、K3和K4处理较高,且处理间差异不显著。钾处理与其厚皮甜瓜各器官氮、磷、钾含量存在的显著相关关系与器官部位及生育期有关,但与氮含量均呈显著负相关,与钾含量均呈显著正相关;各器官氮磷钾含量与氮收获指数没有显著相关性,但茎叶氮累积量与氮收获指数呈显著负相关;茎叶氮累积量与磷收获指数呈极显著负相关,果实磷、钾含量及累积量均与磷收获指数呈显著或极显著正相关;根、果实氮含量与钾收获指数呈极显著正相关,根磷含量与钾收获指数呈显著负相关,茎叶及果实钾含量和累积量均与钾收获指数呈极显著负相关。通过比较拟合优度(决定系数R2),发现钾水平与成熟期茎叶磷含量采用二次多项式拟合最佳,钾水平与成熟期根钾含量采用线性拟合最佳,钾水平与其他各器官养分含量采用三参数指数或者五参数双指数拟合最佳。比较三者养分吸收及利用情况可知,钾水平为9 mmol/L(K4)时,氮磷钾生理利用效率较好,较有利于氮磷钾养分吸收利用,实现经济效益最大化。In this study we aim to determine the effects of potassium on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K)uptake and utilization at the late growth stages of muskmelon with 6 K levels, namely K1–K6(0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 mmol/L).The results showed that K application could decrease N concentration in the organs of muskmelon, decrease N concentration in the root and stem and leaves at the ripening stage, significantly increase N accumulation in fruit;K application could improve P concentration in the root and fruit and P accumulation in the all organs of muskmelon, significantly increase P accumulation in the fruit and plant;K application could increase K concentration and NPK accumulation in the organs of muskmelon, significantly promote K accumulation in the stem and leaves, fruit and single plant;K application could significantly improve N physiological use efficiency and P harvest index, increase N harvest index, decrease significantly K harvest index and P, K physiological use efficiency. Treatments of K2, K3 and K4 had the higher single fruit weight, but the difference was not significant. The significantly correlation between K levels and N, P, K concentration in the muskmelon were correlated with different organs and stage. K levels were significantly negatively correlated with N concentration and positively correlated K concentration. N harvest index were no significantly correlated with N, P, K concentration in the organs, but significantly negatively correlated with N accumulation of stem and leaves;P harvest index were significantly negatively correlated with N accumulation of stem and leaves, but significantly positively correlated with P, K concentration and accumulation in fruit;K harvest index were extremely significantly positively correlated with N concentration in the root and fruit, significantly negatively correlated with P concentration in the root, extremely significantly negatively correlated with K concentration and accumulation in the stem and leaves and fruit. After comparing the goodness of

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 钾 氮 磷 吸收与利用 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]