鹅-鱼立体养殖环境的菌群特征研究  

Bacterial features in goose-tilapia polyculture environments

作　　者：周萌 莫金凤 林蠡 黄运茂 吴灶和 蓝中东 陈愿 刘家志 ZHOU Meng;MO Jinfeng;LIN Li;HUANG Yunmao;WU Zaohe;LAN Zhongdong;CHEN Yuan;LIU Jiazhi(College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China;Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510225, China;Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院,广东广州510225 [2]广东省水禽健康养殖重点实验室,广东广州510225 [3]广东省水环境与水产品安全工程技术研究中心,广东广州510225 [4]广州市水产病害与水禽养殖重点实验室,广东广州510225

出　　处：《仲恺农业工程学院学报》2019年第2期41-48,70,共9页Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31572657);广州市科技计划项目(201707010478)资助

摘　　要：禽-鱼立体混合养殖是全球罗非鱼养殖的一种重要模式.由于该模式可能存在着致病菌由禽向鱼类沿养殖链和食物链传递的风险,被认为会对罗非鱼的健康养殖造成危害,但目前缺乏相应的理论依据.通过连续采集某鹅-鱼养殖场中罗非鱼鳃、鹅粪便、池塘水体及底泥样品,采用高通量测序技术检测了其中的菌群结构及多样性,结果发现,在5次采集的鱼鳃、鹅粪便、池塘水及底泥样品中,平均分别鉴定到细菌22门和169属、27门和176属、38门和206属、60门和205属,菌群丰富度最高的为底泥样品(Shannon指数6.64).在门水平,鱼鳃、底泥、池塘水的菌群组成较稳定,其优势菌群依次为厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和蓝藻门.鹅粪便则在随时间变化差异较大.在属水平,鹅粪便和鱼鳃上没有发现共同的致病菌.但值得注意的是,鹅粪便中含有众多病原菌如不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium)和空肠弯曲菌属(Campylobacter).鱼鳃上则发现有丰富的乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、土芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等有益菌,同时也有假单胞菌属(Pseudomonadaceae)和链球菌属(Streptococcus)等病原菌.底泥中发现的大部分细菌为厌氧菌,如脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、厌氧粘细菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)和地杆菌属(Geobacter).β-多样性分析表明,不同来源样品的细菌组成相似性很小.结果表明立体养殖池塘中各类样品的菌群组成在属水平差别较大;没有直接证据表明,病原菌会由鹅水平转移至罗非鱼.The polyculture model embracing poultry-fish farming is a conventional and crucial culture model of tilapia universally. Because of the risk of pathogenic bacteria passing from livestock to fish along the aquaculture and food chains, the model is considered to be harmful to the healthy cultivation of tilapia, but no theoretical basis has been presented. Samples including tilapia gill, goose feces, pond water and bottom sediment from a goose-fish farm were collected five times continuously, and the microflora structure and diversity were detected by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that an average of 22 phyla with 169 genera, 27 phyla with 176 genera, and 38 phyla with 206 genera, were identified in tilapia gill, goose feces and pond water, respectively. The highest bacterial diversity was found in bottom sediment with 60 phyla with 205 genera (Shannon index 6.64). At the phylum level, bacteria composition in tilapia gill, bottom sediment and pond water was more stable than that in goose feces, and the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria in turn. At the genus level, no common pathogenic bacteria have been found in both goose feces and tilapia gills. However, it was noteworthy that some pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter,Fusobacterium, Clostridium, and Campylobacter have been identified in goose feces. Several beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Geobacillus, and Bacillus were abundant in tilapia gills, compared with that of pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas and Streptococcus. Most of the identified bacteria in bottom sediment were anaerobes, such as Dechloromonas, Anaeromyxobacter, and Geobacter which mainly participates in bioremediation. The β-diversity analysis also revealed the bacterial compositions had less similarity between different sources of samples. Above all, the bacterial composition of samples from different sources in the polyculture model differs greatly at the genus level. No direct proof supports the pathogenic

关 键 词：罗非鱼 鹅 立体养殖 环境 菌群特征 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]