池塘养殖换水目的和水质状态对换水频率的影响  

Preliminary Study on the Effects of Water Exchange Purpose and Water Quality Status on the Frequency of Water Exchange in Pond Aquaculture

作　　者：丁惠明 沈彩娟[2] 陈雯[1,3] 何捷 梁爽[4] 张俊彪[1,3] 蔡春芳 DING Hui-ming;SHEN Cai-juan;CHEN Wen;HE Jie;LIANG Shuang;ZHANG Jun-biao;CAI Chun-fang(Postgraduate Research Station of Suzhou University in Yangchenghu Modern Agricultural Industrial Park Co. Ltd.,Suzhou 215100,China;Aquaculture Technology Extension Station of Changshu,Changshu 215500,China;School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences,Suzhou University,Suzhou 215123,China;Library of Suzhou University,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市阳澄湖国家现代农业示范区发展有限公司苏州大学研究生工作站,江苏苏州215100 [2]常熟市水产技术推广站,江苏常熟215500 [3]苏州大学医学部基础医学与生物科学学院,江苏苏州215123 [4]苏州大学图书馆,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2019年第6期781-786,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划(2015BAD13B00)

摘　　要：通过在江苏各地2015—2018年7—8月间的调查走访获得57位养殖者关于中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖池塘的换水信息,将调查期间养殖者作出换水决策的首要目的分为补偿蒸发(无排水)、防止缺氧、日常管理、病害防控和改善水质5类,占比分别为47%、16%、11%、11%和16%。发现19%的养殖者换水作业(有排水)与水质状态无关。当换水目的是防止缺氧和改善水质时换水频率(FWE)显著高于其他3种情况(P<0.05),而FWE与增氧机使用强度呈负相关关系(r=-0.177,P<0.1)。在苏州市和盐城市通过实地监测获得64个常规鱼类养殖池塘111个水质监测数据,结果显示平均ρ(DO)、pH值、ρ(TN)、ρ(NH4^+-N)、ρ(TP)、ρ(PO4^3--P)、CODMn和ρ(叶绿素a)分别为(8.3±2.7)mg·L^-1、8.1±0.5、(4.3±2.2)mg·L^-1、(1.0±1.0)mg·L^-1、(0.56±0.56)mg·L^-1、(0.29±0.37)mg·L^-1、(12±5)mg·L^-1和(133±12)μg·L^-1,平均FWE为(0.87±2.10)次·月^-1,不同池塘间水质及FWE差异较大。FWE与ρ(DO)、pH值呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与水温、ρ(NH4+?N)、ρ(TP)和ρ(PO4^3--P)呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。上述结果表明换水目的和水质状态都影响FWE,加强人工增氧可降低FWE。The effect of water exchange purpose and water quality status on frequency of water exchange(FWE)in pond aquaculture was investigated. Through the interview investigation processed in Jiangsu Province between July and August from 2015 to 2018,the information of water exchange came from 57 farmers raising Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) was collected. The five types of primary purpose that drive farmers to make water exchange during that season were : compensating the evaporation(without drainage),avoiding hypoxia,routine farming management,preventing disease and improving water quality,which accounted for 47%,16%,11%,11% and 16%,respectively. Water exchange(with drainage)of 19% of farmer seems unnecessary according to the water quality. It was found that FWE to avoid hypoxia or improve water quality was significantly higher than the other three conditions(P < 0. 05). FWE was negatively correlated with the fequency of artificial aeration(r =-0. 177,P < 0. 1). 111 water quality samples from 64 common fish ponds were obtained through field monitoring in Suzhou and Yancheng City,and the results show that the average ρ(DO),pH,ρ(TN),ρ(NH4^+-N),ρ(TP),ρ(PO4^3--P),CODMn,ρ(chlorophyll a)were(8. 3±2. 7)mg·L^-1,8. 1±0. 5,(4. 3±2. 2) mg·L^-1,(1. 0±1. 0)mg·L^-1,(0. 56±0. 56)mg·L^-1,(0. 29±0. 37)mg·L-1,(12±5)mg·L^-1,(133±12)μg·L^-1,respectively,and the average FWE was(0. 87±2. 10)times·month^-1. The water quality and FWE varied greatly among different ponds. FWE was negatively correlated with ρ(DO)and pH(P<0. 01),and positively correlated with temperature,ρ(NH4^+-N),ρ(TP)and ρ(PO4^3--P)(P<0. 01). FWE was influenced by both water exchange purpose and water quality status,which could be reduced by strengthening artificial aeration.

关 键 词：换水频率 水质 池塘养殖 中华绒螯蟹 鱼 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S949[农业科学—水产养殖]