竞赛状态焦虑对排球发球表现的影响:认知负荷的调节作用  

The Effect of Competition State Anxiety on Volleyball Serve Performance: The Moderating Effect of Cognitive Load

作　　者：艾丽欣 王英春 张明[2] AI Lixin;WANG Yingchun;ZHANG Ming(School of Psychology,Beijing University of physical Education,Beijing 100084;Volleyball Department,Beijing University of physical Education,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学心理学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学排球教研室,北京100084

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2019年第4期479-484,499,共7页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2018PT018)

摘　　要：目的探讨竞赛状态焦虑对排球发球表现的影响,并考查认知负荷的调节作用。方法招募24名排球运动员,随机分配到竞赛状态焦虑高、低2组;使用第二听觉任务操控认知负荷,排球发球表现使用发球命中个数为指标。采用两因素混合实验设计的方差分析进行统计分析。结果竞赛状态焦虑和认知负荷的主效应不显著;竞赛状态焦虑和认知负荷的交互作用显著,简单效应分析显示,高竞赛状态焦虑组在低认知负荷条件下的发球命中个数低于高认知负荷条件。结论认知负荷是竞赛状态焦虑影响运动表现的调节变量。具体来说,高竞赛状态焦虑干扰排球发球表现,高认知负荷可以缓解这种不利影响。Objective This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of cognitive load when volleyball athletes serving with competition state anxiety. Methods 2 × 2 mixed design was used with competition state anxiety as the between-subject factor and cognitive load as the within-subject factor. 24 volleyball athletes were asked to serve a volleyball to hit the target in the court. They were randomly divided into 2 competition state anxiety groups ( high and low),and both of them should serve the ball in both high and low cognitive conditions. The hit number was used as the dependent variable to evaluate the volleyball serve performance. Results The interaction effect was significant. Simple effect test showed that the athletes in high competition group gained a better hitting score in high cognitive load condition than that in low cognitive condition. However, no significant main effects were detected on neither competition state anxiety nor cognitive load. Conclusion Cognitive load is the moderator variable between competition state anxiety and volleyball serve performance,which alleviates the negative effect of competition state anxiety when serving the ball.

关 键 词：竞赛状态焦虑 认知负荷 运动表现 排球发球 

分 类 号：G842.804.8[文化科学—体育训练]