大气冰核谱对雷暴云微物理过程及起电影响的数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Ice Nucleus Spectra on Microphysical Process and Electrification in Thunderstorms

作　　者：王梦旖 谭涌波[1] 师正[1] 刘俊[1] 于梦颖 郑天雪 WANG Mengyi;TAN Yongbo;SHI Zheng;LIU Jun;YU Mengying;ZHENG Tianxue(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室

出　　处：《高原气象》2019年第3期593-603,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41805002);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180808);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(18KJB170010);南京信息工程大学人才启动基金项目(2016r042)

摘　　要：利用已有的二维对流云模式,讨论了三种不同的冰核谱对雷暴云微物理、起电及电荷结构的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)不同的冰核谱环境对雷暴云中冰相粒子的含量及分布具有明显作用。冰核谱的垂直温区越大,产生的冰相粒子分布越广。在冰核浓度较大的个例中,冰晶和霰粒子的含量高,更多的小冰相粒子出现在海拔更高的区域;(2)高温区冰核的数量会对上升气流速度产生显著影响。高温区的冰核越多,冰相粒子在微物理发展过程中释放的潜热越多,上升气流强,对流发展越旺盛;(3)在低温区冰晶浓度高的谱环境个例中,雷暴云中的非感应起电率和感应起电率高,导致起电量增加。高温区冰核多的谱环境,大量冰晶和霰获得正电荷形成次正电荷区,电荷结构呈现三极性;而高温区冰核少的谱环境,参与起电的水成物粒子少,易形成偶极性电荷结构。In this paper, we discuss the effect of three different ice nucleus spectral environments on the microphysical, electrification, and charge structure of thunderstorm clouds, using the existing two-dimensional(2-D) cumulus model. Simulation results show that:(1) Different ice nucleus spectral environments have a great influence on the content and distribution of ice-phase particlesin thunderstorm clouds. The larger the vertical temperature zone of the ice nucleusspectral, the wider the distribution of the ice phase particles produced. In the case of a large concentration of ice nucleus, the content of ice crystals and graupel particles is high, more small ice crystals appear in the zone of higher elevations;(2) The number of ice nucleus in high-temperature region has a significant affects the updrafts velocity. More ice nucleus in the high-temperature region leads to more latent heat released by the ice phase particles during the development of the microphysical process, resulting in intensive updrafts and vigorous convection development;(3) In the case of ice nucleusspectral environment with high ice crystal concentration in the low-temperature region, The non-inductive electric rate and inductive electric rate are high in thunderstorm clouds, resulting in increased charge. In the spectral environment with high ice nucleus in high temperature regions, a large number of ice crystals and graupel gain positive charge to form a sub-positive charge zone, and the charge structure exhibits tripolarity;while in a high-temperature zone, the spectrum environment with less ice nuclei and less hydrometeors particles participate in electrification, Dipolar charge structures are easily formed.

关 键 词：冰晶 冰核谱 电荷结构 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P427.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]