高温高压井射孔工艺技术  

Perforation technology for high-temperature and high-pressure wells

作　　者：侯明明 黄刚 张晓东 HOU Mingming;HUANG Gang;ZHANG Xiaodong(Well Test Company,CNPC Greatwall Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Tianjin 300452,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司测试公司

出　　处：《油气井测试》2019年第3期14-20,共7页Well Testing

摘　　要：高温高压井射孔作业风险远高于常规的射孔作业,为保证射孔作业在复杂井筒和地层条件下一次性成功,从射孔器材和火工品的选择,减震器和筛管的选用,射孔枪通过能力,起爆方式和施工工艺方面进行探讨,提出射孔器材选择时应考虑抗压强度,密封件的密封性能,射孔枪井筒通过能力;火工品应考虑耐温性,射孔弹还需考虑穿深和孔径,确保地层和井底压差可控;减震器应考虑减震效果,抗拉强度和过流面积;筛管应考虑抗拉强度和过流面积;造负压适宜选择延时起爆方式;起爆压力设置与负压值相近,避免因补泄压时间过长导致造负压失败,同时也便于监听仪监测射孔后效。经3口井现场应用,综合考虑上述因素后,射孔成功率100%。该方法对指导高温高压井现场射孔作业具有重要的参考价值。The risk of perforating operation in high-temperature and high-pressure wells is much higher than that in conventional wells.In order to ensure the success of perforating operations in complex wellbore and formation conditions,the selection of perforating equipment and initiating explosive device,the use of shock absorber and screen tube,the passing capacity of perforating gun,initiation mode and construction technology were all studied in this paper and the following conclusions have been obtained: the perforating equipment should be selected in consideration of compressive strength,sealing performance of the seal and passing capacity of perforating gun;temperature resistance should be considered for pyrotechnics while,penetration depth and aperture should be considered for perforating bullets to ensure that the pressure difference between formation and bottom-hole can be controlled;for shock absorbers,the shock absorption,tensile strength and flow area should be considered;for the screen tube the tensile strength and the flow area should be considered.In addition,it was suitable to select the delayed detonation method when creating negative pressure.The detonation pressure should be set close to the negative pressure value,so as to avoid the failure of the negative pressure caused by the excessive pressure relief time,and facilitate the monitor the perforation effect.After considering the above factors comprehensively,this perforating method was applied in 3 wells,and the success rate of perforation was 100%.This method has important reference value for guiding on-site perforating operation in high-temperature and high-pressure wells.

关 键 词：高温高压井 火工品 射孔 穿深 负压差 密封性 射孔成功率 

分 类 号：TE257[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]