化肥与植物生长延缓剂配施对麦冬产量形成和次生代谢产物的影响  

Effects of combined application of chemical fertilizers and plant growth retardants on yield and formation of secondary metabolites of Ophiopogon japonicus

作　　者：张亚琴 李思佳 邓秋林 文秋姝 付羽萍 陈兴福 ZHANG Yaqin;LI Sijia;DENG Qiulin;WEN Qiushu;FU Yuping;CHEN Xingfu(Agronomy College,Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室

出　　处：《草业科学》2019年第6期1544-1552,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省“十二五”育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-12-01)

摘　　要：为缓解麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)栽培上滥用多效唑的现状,本研究在绵阳三台采用二因素随机区组试验,探究在微调配方肥的基础上,对比施用多效唑(PP333,2.5g·L^-1)、烯效唑(S3307,2g·L^-1)和甲哌鎓(DPC,0.05g·L^-1)3种植物生长延缓剂对麦冬农艺性状、产量、总皂苷和总多糖的影响。结果表明,本研究中配方肥用量的浮动对麦冬生长无显著影响(P>0.05),施用延缓剂能增加麦冬产量(甲哌鎓除外)。与清水对照相比,施用多效唑和烯效唑麦冬干物质产量分别增加了约37.03%和16.65%;施用烯效唑麦冬总多糖含量显著增加约25.45%(P<0.05),多效唑和甲哌鎓次之;3种延缓剂均显著降低了麦冬总皂苷含量。麦冬农艺性状与干物质产量、总多糖、总皂苷含量的相关性分析结果表明,多效唑和烯效唑主要通过降低地上部分干物质积累,促进麦冬营养根膨大来增加麦冬的干物质产量。经灰色关联度-DTOPSIS综合评价分析发现,最佳生产措施为追肥时施用氮肥1382.4kg·hm^-2、磷肥6004.8kg·hm^-2、钾肥1252.8kg·hm^-2,配合喷施烯效唑。在麦冬生产上通过施用烯效唑可以在不损害农户利益的基础上有效降低多效唑施用带来的危害。To alleviate the current paclobutrazol overuse in Ophiopogon japonicus,a two-factor randomized block experiment was carried out in Santai county,Mianyang city to compare the effects of three kinds of plant growth retardants, namely paclobutrazol (PP333,2.5 g·L^-1),uniconazole (S3307,2 g·L^-1),and mepiquat (DPC,0.05 g·L^-1),along with minute adjustments in fertilizer formula,on the agronomic traits,yield,total saponins,and total polysaccharides of O.japonicus.The results showed that minute changes in the fertilizer formula had no significant effects on the growth of O.japonicus (P > 0.05),and application of a plant growth retardant,except DPC,could increase the yield of O.japonicus.The applications of PP333 and S3307 increased the yield of O.japonicus by about 37.03% and 16.65%,respectively,compared with control. Application of S3307 significantly increased the total polysaccharide content of O.japonicus,by about 25.45%(P < 0.05),which was greater than the increase caused by PP333 and DPC.The three plant growth retardants significantly reduced the total saponin content of O.japonicus.Correlation analysis revealed that PP333 and S3307 mainly increased the yield of O. japonicus by reducing the accumulation of dry matter in the aerial parts and promoting root swelling.The best production measures for top dressing application was using nitrogen fertilizer at 1 382.4 kg·ha^-1,phosphate fertilizer at 6 004.8 kg·ha^-1, and potassium fertilizer at 1 252.8 kg·ha-1,in combination with spraying S3307,according to the grey relation-DTOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis.Those results indicated that the application of S3307 in the production of O.japonicus can effectively reduce the harm caused by PP333 application without affecting the interests of farmers.

关 键 词：麦冬 植物生长延缓剂 施肥 产量 总多糖 总皂苷 

分 类 号：S688.406.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]