混料设计优化红平菇菌丝生长的“以草代木”配方  

Substrate optimization for mycelium growth of Pleurotus djamor in the concept of “replacing wood by grass”

作　　者：吴楠[1] 田风华[1] 贾传文[1] 王悦 李长田[1] WU Nan;TIAN Feng-Hua;JIA Chuan-Wen;WANG Yue;LI Chang-Tian(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin AgriculturalUniversity,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China;Jilin Engineering Vocational College,Changchun,Jilin 130000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林工程职业学院,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2019年第6期1390-1403,共14页Microbiology China

基　　金：福建省菌草生态产业协同创新中心公关课题(K80ND8002-JCZXGGKT05)~~

摘　　要：【背景】“以草代木”不仅能解决食用菌栽培的原料来源问题,还能有效缓解菌林矛盾。【目的】利用不同的农业剩余物优化出可替代木屑做主料进行红平菇菌丝培养的"以草代木"配方。【方法】采用混料配比的设计方法,利用小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆、花生秸秆、油菜秸秆、水稻秸秆、玉米芯共7种农业剩余物做主料培养红平菇,对其菌丝在基料生长过程中纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和漆酶的酶活进行测定,分析并优化出适合红平菇生长的“以草代木”配方。【结果】大豆秸秆最适合红平菇菌丝的生长,小麦秸秆次之;油菜秸秆基质中红平菇多酚氧化酶活性最高。配方优化得出一个适合红平菇菌丝生长的"以草代木"配方:小麦秸秆55.3%、大豆秸秆19.7%、麦麸15.0%、玉米面5.0%、豆粕3.0%、石灰1.0%、石膏1.0%。【结论】优化出一个适合红平菇菌丝生长的基质配比,为红平菇进行"以草代木"设施化栽培提供理论依据。[Background]"Replacing wood by grass" is a concept to use other substrates than wood for edible fungi cultivation, to effectively alleviate the contradiction between edible fungi and forests.[Objective] To optimize a "replacing wood by grass" substrate formula by using different agricultural residues to replace sawdust.[Methods] In accordance to simplex lattice design method, 7 different agro-residues, namely wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, peanut straw, rape straw, rice straw and corncob were used for Pleurotus djamor cultivation. Enzyme activity of cellulase, polyphenol oxidase and laccase in the growth process of the mycelium was measured. The formulation suitable for the growth of Pleurotus djamor was analyzed and optimized.[Results] Soybean straw could significantly increase the mycelium growth of Pleurotus djamor, followed by wheat straw. Polyphenol oxidase activity of rape straw was highest. The optimized high mycelium growth formula includes(%, W/W), wheat straw 55.3, soybean straw 19.7, wheat bran 15.0, corn flour 5.0, bean pulp 3.0, lime 1.0 and gypsum 1.0.[Conclusion] A suitable substrate composed of various agricultural wastes instead of sawdust for mycelial growth of Pleurotus djamor was optimized for "replacing wood by grass" strategy.

关 键 词：蘑菇栽培 单纯型格子法 秸秆利用 酶活测定 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]