辽朝工匠及其管理初探——以石刻文字为中心  

An Exploration on the Craftsmen and Their Management in the Liao Dynasty: Focusing on Stone Inscription

作　　者：张国庆[1] ZHANG Guo-qing(School of History, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110136, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院

出　　处：《史学集刊》2019年第4期55-60,共6页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“辽代石刻所见辽朝史事研究”(13BZS031)阶段性成果

摘　　要：有辽一代,在诸多手工业及建筑行业中,均有大量的工匠存在。出土石刻文字表明,辽朝工匠的类别,除了人数较多的"木匠""石匠"外,还有诸如"砌匠""铁匠""瓦匠""锻匠""贴金匠""画匠"等等。辽朝政府对工匠的管理至少分为三个层面:一是各类工匠"作头"管理,二是建筑行业各部门"提点""勾当"类官员管理,三是手工业大类行业"使""都监"等官员管理。少量石刻文字资料显示,辽朝初年应仿唐制,中央设有"将作监"等管理全国手工业及建筑行业的职能机构。但其是否确凿,还需深入发掘石刻文字及传世文献资料以佐证。There were lots of craftsmen in many handicraft and construction industries in Liao Dynasty. The unearthed stone inscription indicates that there are various kinds of craftsmen in Liao Dynasty including a large number of carpenter and stonemason, and also wall builder, blacksmith, bricklayers, hammersmith, gold artisan, limner, and so on. The management of craftsmen by the Liao government was divided into at least three levels. The first type of manager in all kinds of industries is Zuotou(作头), the second type of manager is Tidian(提点)and Goudang(勾当)in construction industry, the third type of manager is Shi(使)and Dujian(督监)in handicraft industry. A few stone inscription shows that the artisan management model in early Liao Dynasty should follow the management mode of Tang Dynasty. The central government established functional institutions such as Jiangzuojian(将作监)to manage the handicraft and construction industries throughout the country. However, much stone inscription and handed-down literature are needed to support the above argument.

关 键 词：辽朝 石刻文字 工匠 管理者 

分 类 号：K246.1[历史地理—历史学] K877.4[历史地理—中国史]