生育保障制度的国际改革趋势与启示  

International Reform Trends and Enlightenments of Maternity Protection System

作　　者：郝君富[1] 郭锐欣[1] HaoJunfu;Guo Ruixin

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学保险经济学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2019年第6期136-150,共15页

摘　　要：生育保障有助于促进母亲和儿童的健康、营养和福祉,并有助于促进就业市场的性别平等。为更好地发挥生育保障的作用,近年来世界各国的生育保障制度主要体现出以下改革发展趋势:一、普遍通过立法将生育保障纳入社会保障体系以替代雇主责任体系;二、通过多元集合型融资计划进一步扩大生育保障的覆盖范围;三、提高女性带薪产假的受益期限和现金受益水平以保障受益的充足性;四、立法赋予父亲休假权并通过多元机制设计提升父亲的休假率;五、进一步丰富生育保障的内容提供从产前到产后的全过程保障;六、完善机制设计使生育保障与就业市场性别平等目标之间相辅相成互为促进。当前在我国积极构建“生育友好型”社会背景下,上述国际改革经验对我国生育保险制度的立法完善和机制设计优化具有重要的借鉴作用。Maternity protection contributes to the health,nutrition and well-being of mothers and children as well as gender equality in the employment market. In order to better play the multiple roles of maternity protection,in recent years,the worldwide maternity protection system has shown the following main reform trends: 1) universally incorporating maternity protection into the social security system through legislation to replace employer responsibility system;2) further expanding the coverage of maternity protection through multiple collective financing schemes;3) improving women’s paid maternity leave beneficiary period and cash benefit level to ensure the adequacy of benefits;4) increasing the rate of paternity leave and parental leave for fathers through various mechanism designs;5) further enriching the contents of maternity protection to provide a full range of protection from pre-natal to post-natal;6) improving the mechanism design to achieve mutual promotion between maternity protection and gender equality goals. Under the background of construction "fertility-friendly society",the experience of above reforms can provide important reference for the legislative improvement and mechanism design reform of China’s future maternity insurance system.

关 键 词：生育友好型社会 生育保障 性别平等 带薪产假 陪产假 育儿假 

分 类 号：C923[社会学—人口学]