胚珠培养在白菜型油菜和芥蓝远缘杂交中的应用  

Application of ovule culture in distant hybridization between Brassica campestris ssp. oleifera and Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

作　　者：江建霞 李延莉[1] 蒋美艳[1] 张俊英[1] 张秋丽[2] 孙超才[1] 周熙荣[1] 杨立勇[1] JIANG Jian-xia;LI Yan-li;JIANG Mei-yan;ZHANG Jun-ying;ZHANG Qiu-li;SUN Chao-cai;ZHOU Xi-rong;YANG Li-yong(Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Agro-Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201403 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2019年第3期26-30,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市种业发展项目[沪农科种字(2016)第1-5号];国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100602);上海市农业科学院学科领域建设专项[农科国推2019(匹配-26)]

摘　　要：以3个白菜型油菜材料为父本、3个芥蓝材料为母本,进行人工远缘杂交,探讨甘蓝型油菜种质资源的人工合成与创新。结果表明:对授粉2周后的胚珠进行离体培养,获得远缘杂交的异源单倍体植株。对单倍体植株进行秋水仙素泡根处理诱导染色体加倍,经流式细胞仪倍性鉴定和植株田间表型观察,获得3个远缘杂交组合的4个异源单倍体和异源四倍体杂交后代。芥蓝与白菜型油菜远缘杂交具有一定的亲和性,杂交后代植株的许多性状介于亲本之间,营养生长旺盛,植株长势明显强于双亲,分枝增多,可为甘蓝型油菜育种提供优异的亲本材料和种质资源。本研究对于利用白菜型油菜和芥蓝进行甘蓝型油菜新种质创制具有一定参考价值。Artificial distant hybridization and ovule culture were carried out with 3 Brassica campestris ssp.oleifera materials as male parents and 3 B.oleracea var.alboglabra materials as female parents to explore the artificial synthesis and innovation of B.napus germplasm resources.The results showed that the ovules of 2 weeks after pollination were cultured in vitro and the allohaploid plants of distant hybridization were obtained.The haploid plants were treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling.Four allohaploid and allotetraploid plants of 3 distant hybridization combinations were obtained by flow cytometry ploidy identification and plant phenotype observation in the field.The distant hybridization between B.oleracea var.alboglabra and B.campestris ssp.oleifera had certain compatibility.Many phenotypic traits of hybrids were in the range of two parents.The vegetative growth of hybrid progenies was vigorous and stronger than that of their parents,and their branches increased,providing excellent parental materials and germplasm resources for B.napus breeding.This study has certain reference value for creating new germplasm of B.napus by using B.campestris ssp.oleifera and B.oleracea var.alboglabra.

关 键 词：白菜型油菜 芥蓝 甘蓝型油菜 远缘杂交 胚珠培养 

分 类 号：S565.4.03[农业科学—作物学]