万寿菊秸秆用于苹果连作土壤生物修复材料的潜力  

Potential of marigold straws used for biological disinfestation to continuous cropped apple orchard

作　　者：王晓芳[1,2] 赵玉文 王玫[1] 王海燕 盛月凡 尹承苗[1] 陈学森[1] 毛志泉[1] WANG Xiao-fang;ZHAO Yu-wen;WANG Mei;WANG Hai-yan;SHENG Yue-fan;YIN Cheng-miao;CHEN Xue-sen;MAO Zhi-quan(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第6期933-942,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28);国家自然科学基金项目(31501720,31672104);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CL024);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

摘　　要：[目的]万寿菊秸秆具有抑制有害微生物的作用,而苹果产业的可持续发展受到连作障碍的严重制约。本文研究了利用万寿菊进行连作土壤生物消毒的效果,为万寿菊秸秆的有效利用和苹果连作障碍的生物防控寻找可行的方案。[方法]2017年以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,以26年苹果树下棕壤为供试土壤进行了盆栽试验。设4个万寿菊秸秆粉加入量0、12、30、60 g/kg,与土壤混合,浇水,幼苗移栽之前用薄膜覆盖15天,揭开晾7天。同时,设置一组不添加万寿菊粉也不用薄膜覆盖的处理作为对照(CK)。在幼苗生长3个月后开始取植株样,每隔一个月取一次,共采集三次,同时采集土壤样品。测定了平邑甜茶幼苗生长指标、光合参数、根系呼吸速率、保护性酶活性及土壤微生物等相关指标。[结果]与不添加万寿菊粉处理(0 g/kg)相比,万寿菊粉不同添加量处理均能显著增加根系呼吸速率,提高根系保护性酶活性;提高了平邑甜茶幼苗叶片的光合参数,促进连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长;优化土壤微生物环境。综合各指标,以30 g/kg处理的效果最好,与不添加万寿菊粉处理相比,平邑甜茶幼苗的根系呼吸速率增加56.6%,根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别增加48.7%、113.5%、115.2%。株高、地径、地上部鲜重、叶片叶绿素含量分别增加183.3%、55.5%、221.5%和17.3%。净光合速率(Pn)提高了83.6%,水分利用效率(WUE)提高了57.1%。上述各指标均与0、12、60 g/kg处理差异显著。添加万寿菊秸秆粉处理土壤后,土壤细菌增加,真菌减少,12、30、60 g/kg添加量的土壤细菌/真菌比值分别为99.3、265.7、197.3,分别是不添加处理的1.4倍、3.7倍、2.7倍,处理间差异显著。土壤中的尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数均降低,分别比不添加万寿菊粉处理下降18.6%、57.1%、40.4%,处理间差异显著。T-RFLP结果表明,不添加万寿菊粉处【Objectives】Marigold straws have been proved possessing inhibition effect on some harmful microorganisms.At the same time,apple industry is suffering from seriously continuous cropping obstacle restricts.The effect of biological disinfestations of marigold straws was studied,to study the recycle of organic wastes and the reform of aged apple orchards.【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out in 2017,the seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd.were used as test materials and a continuous cropped soil(26 years'apple orchard)as tested soil.Marigold(Tagetes erecta)straw powder of 0,12,30 and 60 g/kg were mixed with soil,watered and mulched with plastic film for 15 days before planting the seedlings.After three months'growth,the seedling samples were collected,and total of three samplings were made every one month interval.Soil samples were collected at the same time.The growth indices,photosynthetic parameters,root respiration rate and protective enzyme activity of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings,and soil microorganisms were measured.【Results】Compared with 0 g/kg treatment,the biological disinfestation to soil mixed with marigold powder could significantly increase root respiration rate significantly,raise protective enzyme activity;and then improve the leaf photosynthetic parameters,promote the seedling growth indices;optimize the soil microbial environment.Comprehensively evaluated,the 30 g/kg treatment was the best.Compared with 0 g/kg treatment,the root respiration rate was increased by 56.6%,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT were increased by 48.7%,113.5%and 115.2%respectively and the plant heights,ground trunk diameters,the fresh weights of plant above ground and leaf chlorophyll contents were increased by 183.3%,55.5%,221.5%and 17.3%,respectively.The net photosynthesis rate(Pn)and the water use efficiency(WUE)of leaves increased by 83.6%and 57.1%,respectively.And all the above indices were significantly different from those of 0 g/kg,12 g/kg and 60 g/kg treatments.The soil bacteria population was increa

关 键 词：平邑甜茶 连作障碍 生物消毒 生物量 光合参数 保护性酶活性 尖孢镰孢菌 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S472[农业科学—园艺学]