根系分泌物抑制连作障碍线虫病的根际调控机制及其应用  

The rhizosphere regulation mechanism and use of root exudates to inhibit continuous monocropping barrier by nematode disease

作　　者：刘彤彤 卢巧芳 王男麒 王天琪 刘环环 左元梅[1] LIU Tong-tong;LU Qiao-fang;WANG Nan-qi;WANG Tian-qi;LIU Huan-huan;ZUO Yuan-mei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University/National Academy of Agriculture GreenDevelopment/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院/教育部植物–土壤互作重点实验室

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第6期1038-1046,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202102,2016YFD0200405)

摘　　要：作物长期连作极易出现连作障碍(再生病害),本文围绕因传统耕作模式和种植习惯而诱发的新疆棉花、黑龙江大豆、河南花生、山东设施蔬菜、两广香蕉等连作障碍问题,对全国连作现象进行系统分析,发现全国连作现象普遍。按照耕地面积将连作障碍划分为五个等级,其中华北三省和东北的黑龙江省连作障碍等级最高,且各省连作现象均以大田经济作物为主。以香蕉、大豆(大田经济作物)、黄瓜(设施园艺作物)和三七(中草药)为代表,比对最低产量和正常产量在连作年份的变化,表明连作障碍发生规律成抛物线式,防控连作障碍需找到问题关键时期。单一根系分泌物介导的微生物多样性降低、病原菌富集,植物寄生线虫危害和土壤弱化是导致连作障碍的主要原因,其中线虫对植物的侵染危害作为土传病害是防治连作障碍中最难解决的问题之一,尤其是在设施蔬菜上。线虫在长期进化过程中形成了具有识别、寻找和侵染寄主的生物学功能,而不同植物根系分泌物对线虫发育和对宿主的识别侵染能力有不同的调控作用。针对根系分泌物–线虫互作为诱因的线虫病害,深入探讨易感作物和抗性/非寄主植物根系分泌物对线虫发育和对植物侵染的生物学机制,提出根际调控措施。在J2时期利用抗性/非寄主植物根系分泌物,调控根结线虫Mi-16D10、Mi-flp-18等基因和孢囊线虫的Hg-rbp-2等基因的表达控制线虫的发育、侵染和迁移,通过生物源功能物质定向防控线虫侵染作物。这些结果加深了我们对生物活性物质调控植物寄生线虫机制的认识。未来,以筛选和鉴定抗性或非寄主作物特异根系分泌物对线虫侵染的调控为依据,配置生物功能型肥料,利用植物源活性物质替代传统农药控制线虫病害的根际调控措施,定向调控植物根际生物学过程将成为国内外研究热点。此文将为未�Long term continuous monocropping easily results in the continuous monocropping barrier(replant disease)to most crops.The continuous monocropping barrier phenomenon,such as Xinjiang cotton,Heilongjiang soybean,Henan peanut,Shandong horticultural vegetables and Guangdong and Guangxi bananas caused by traditional farming patterns and farmer habit happened all over China.Continuous monocropping barrier was dominated by economic crops in each province and classified into five levels according to the agricultural area,among which three provinces in North China and Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China had the highest level.Based on the minimum and normal yields comparison of bananas,soybeans(economic crops),cucumbers(horticultural vegetables)and pseudo-ginseng(traditional Chinese medicine)in continuous cropping years,the continuous monocropping barrier occurrence regularity was drawn as parabola.The accumulation of single root exudate of replant crops could significantly not only decrease soil microbial diversity but also promote pathogen and nematode damage and soil salinization which led to crop development and yield losses.More importantly,the plant parasitic nematode disease was a global pest that affected many crops,particularly in greenhouse.The interaction between plants and nematodes,was typically regulated by exudate compounds released from different roots in rhizospheres during evolution process.For the nematode diseases induced by root exudates-nematodes interaction,the rhizosphere regulation was put forward on the biological mechanisms of susceptible crops and resistant/non-host plants root exudates to nematode hatching and infection.Regulate Mi-16D10,Mi-flp-18 gene of root knot nematode and Hg-rbp-2 gene of cyst nematode expression in root rhizosphere by using root exudates of resistant/non-host plants to control the hatching,infection and chemistry of nematode in J2 period.These results enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of bioactive compounds from against plant parasitic nematodes

关 键 词：连作障碍(再生病害) 线虫病 根系分泌物 根际调控 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学]