基于P-center问题的国家级应急物资储备设施选址优化布局研究  

The research of location problem of national emergency reserve facilities for emergency relief based on P-center problem

作　　者：郗蒙浩 张静 赵秋红[2] 叶峰[2] XI Menghao;ZHANG Jing;ZHAO Qiuhong;YE Feng(School of Emergency,Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology,Sanhe 101601,China;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院应急管理学院,河北三河101601 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2019年第3期123-129,共7页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：中国地震局教师科研基金(20140106);国家自然科学基金(71471006,91224007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZY20160103,ZY20180229)~~

摘　　要：中国是世界上受自然灾害影响最严重的国家之一,合理规划国家级应急物资储备设施将极大地减少灾害所造成的损失。考虑到应急管理更关注救援的有效性,本研究构建国家级应急物资储备设施选址模型(EFLP),即拓展的P-center问题,该模型考虑了地区人口分布、经济条件、交通状况和多重覆盖关键地区等综合因素,并利用变邻域(VNS)算法完成求解。研究结果表明,优化布局应急物资储备设施,能够保证应急物资及时送达灾区;同时,实验计算结果显示了变邻域算法的良好性能。China is one of the countries suffering from the most disasters in the world, so national emergency reserve facilities location is critical for the country to reduce loss from disasters. Considering that emergency management is more concerned about effectiveness than efficiency, the paper proposes an emergency reserve facilities location problem (EFLP) model, which is an extension of the classic P-center problem, for the Chinese national emergency reserve facilities location decision. Some features, including population distribution, economic condition, transportation, and multi-coverage for some vital areas, are put into the proposed model, all of which are characterized with data gathered from the reality. Avariable neighborhood search (VNS)based heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the extensional model. The computational result gained is compared with current emergency reserve facilities location planning in China. It is shown that huge saving can be gained with the guarantee that the rescue resources could be delivered in time. Moreover, the proposed VNS based algorithm shows its good performance in the computational experiment.

关 键 词：应急物资储备设施 变邻域算法 应急管理 P-center问题 选址模型(EFLP) 

分 类 号：X9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]