2017年深圳市印刷行业有机溶剂组分分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of organic solvent components in printing industry in Shenzhen City, 2017

作　　者：香映平 周伟 杨光涛 朱晓玲 XIANG Ying-ping;ZHOU Wei;YANG Guang-tao;ZHU Xiao-ling(Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518020,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市职业病防治院

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2019年第7期815-819,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20160429093303391)

摘　　要：目的调查分析深圳市印刷行业使用有机溶剂的现状,为该行业实施职业卫生综合治理提供科学依据。方法2017年,采用分层随机抽样的方法,对深圳市20家印刷企业进行职业卫生现场调查。现场抽取企业组分不明的有机溶剂,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法进行组分鉴定,并对接触正己烷、苯、三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷的岗位进行采样检测。结果20家印刷企业使用的142份有机溶剂中主要挥发性有机组分检出率超过10%的职业病危害因素依次为甲苯(26.1%,37/142)、丙酮(20.4%,29/142)、异丙醇15.5%(22/142)、甲醇14.8%(21/142)、正己烷14.1%(20/142)、正庚烷12.7%(18/142)和环己烷10.6%(15/142);溶剂型油墨、水性油墨和UV油墨总挥发性有机组分峰面积百分比差异有统计学意义(H=8.589,P=0.014),溶剂型油墨最高(75.1%),水性油墨次之(0.6%),UV油墨最低(0.5%);1个印刷岗位空气中正己烷的(concentration-time weighted average,CTWA)和2个印刷岗位空气中二氯甲烷的CTWA超标,其CTWA分别为325.5、367.9mg/m^3和350.4mg/m^3,分别超标3.3、1.8和1.8倍。结论深圳市印刷行业使用的油墨、清洗剂、稀释剂、胶水等有机溶剂成分比较复杂,企业应该加强职业卫生管理,尽量减少使用成分不明的有机溶剂,重视绿色环保,停止使用溶剂型油墨,推广水性油墨和UV油墨等环保型油墨。Objective To investigate and analyze the current status of use of organic solvents in printing industry in Shenzhen City so as to provide a scientific basis for implementing comprehensive management of occupational health.Methods Occupational health field surveys were conducted among 20 printing enterprises selected by a stratified-random sampling method in Shenzhen City in 2017. The organic solvents with unknown components used by the enterprises were extracted on-the-spot, and the components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentration of the high-risk hazardous chemicals, including n-hexane, benzene, trichloroethylene and dichloromethane in the air of working places was sampled and detected.Results The main occupational hazard factors with the detection rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exceeding 10% in 142 organic solvents used by the 20 printing enterprises were toluene (26.1%, 37/142), acetone (20.4%, 29/142), isopropanol 15.5%(22/142), methanol 14.8%(21/142), n-hexane 14.1%(20/142), n-heptane 12.7%(18/142) and cyclohexane 10.6%(15/142). There were statistically significant differences in the percentage of total peak area of VOCs among solvent-based ink, water-based ink and UV ink (H=8.589, P=0.014). Solvent-based ink was the highest (75.1%), followed by water-based ink (0.6%) and UV ink (0.5%). The concentration-time weighted average (CTWA) of n-hexane in detection points of 1 printing post (325.5 mg/m^3) and dichloromethane in detection points of 2 printing posts (367.9 mg/m^3, 350.4 mg/m^3) was found to exceed the national occupational health standards, respectively overstepping 3.3, 1.8 and 1.8 times those of the standards.Conclusions Ink, detergent, diluent, glue and other organic solvent components used in printing industry in Shenzhen City are relatively complex. Enterprises should strengthen occupational health management, minimize the use of organic solvents with unknown composition, pay special attention to the concept of green environmental protection, stop

关 键 词：印刷行业 有机溶剂 挥发性有机组分 职业病危害因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]