种植密度对烤烟光合特性日变化及其主要化学成分的影响  

Effect of plant density on diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics and its main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)

作　　者：曹阳[1] 文国宇 李茂军 王晓剑 雷佳[3] 陈建军[1] CAO Yang;WEN Guoyu;LI Maojun;WANG Xiaojian;LEI Jia;CHEN Jianjun(Tobacco Research Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Shaoguan Tobacco Company ofGuangdong Province,Shaoguan 512000,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Limited Company,Guangzhou 510310,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学烟草研究室,广东广州510642 [2]广东烟草韶关市有限公司,广东韶关512000 [3]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510310

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2019年第4期641-647,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省烟草专卖局(公司)资助项目(粤烟科[2012]26号,粤烟科[2014]1号)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨种植密度对烤烟光合特性日变化及其主要化学成分的影响,为协调烤烟的碳、氮代谢,优化烤后烟叶化学成分的协调性提供理论依据。[方法]以烤烟(NicotianatabacumL.)品种‘K326’为试验材料,设置5个种植密度处理,即最小密度处理(T1,14200株·hm^-2)、较小密度处理(T2,15400株·hm^-2)、中等密度处理(T3,16800株·hm^-2)、较大密度处理(T4,18500株·hm^-2)、最大密度处理(T5,20500株·hm^-2),研究种植密度对烤烟光合特性和常规化学成分的影响。[结果]除最大密度处理外,其他处理烤烟净光合速率均呈双峰曲线,峰值出现在11:00和15:00;与最小密度处理相比,较小密度处理烤烟中部叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率分别提高14.59%、13.11%、3.25%,13:00之后胞间CO2浓度回升加快,气孔限制值逐渐下降,说明气孔限制得到有效缓解,有利于延长烟叶光合功能时间,烤后烟叶两糖比升高了4.40%,成熟度提高;最大密度处理的烤烟中部叶13:00之后净光合速率下降92.30%,胞间CO2浓度升高18.52%,气孔限制值下降17.50%,说明随着光合作用的进行,烟叶非气孔限制加剧,光合效率低,有效光合时间短,因此不利于干物质积累;净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均与氮碱比呈极显著正相关,蒸腾速率与总糖呈显著正相关。[结论]与最大密度处理相比,较大和中等密度处理有利于优化烟株形态,协调烟叶光合速率,提高烤烟成熟度及碳、氮代谢协调性,实现优质烟叶生产。[Objectives] The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of plant density on diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco,and to provide a theoretical basis for coordinating the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco and optimizing the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.[Methods] The Nicotiana tabacum L. variety‘K326’was planted at minimum density treatment(T1,14 200 plants ·hm^-2 ),small density treatment(T2,15 400 plants ·hm^-2 ),medium density treatment(T3,16 800 plants ·hm^-2 ),larger density treatment(T4, 18 500 plants ·hm^-2 ),and maximum density treatment(T5,20 500 plants ·hm^-2 ). The effects of densification on photosynthetic characteristics and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco were studied.[Results] Compared with the minimum density treatment,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the middle leaves with the small density treatment increased by 14.59%,13.11% and 3.25%,respectively.Intercellular CO 2concentration of the middle leaves with the small density treatment rose faster and stomatal limit value decreased gradually after 13:00,indicating that stomatal limit was effectively alleviated,which was conducive to prolonging the photosynthetic function time of tobacco leaves. The ratio of two sugars in tobacco leaves treated with the small density treatment increased by 4.40% compared with the minimum density treatment,and this means that the maturity was improved. After 13:00,net photosynthetic rate decreased by 92.30%,intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 18.52%,and stomatal limit value decreased by 17.50%. The results showed that the non-stomatal restriction increased,the photosynthetic efficiency was low and the effective photosynthetic time was short,and it was not conducive to dry matter accumulation. Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly positively correlated with the ratio of nitroge

关 键 词：烤烟 种植密度 光合特性 化学成分 相关性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]