绿色起爆药的研究进展  

Research Progress of Green Primary Explosive

作　　者：李婧[1] 潘永飞[2] 汪营磊[2] 刘亚静[2] LI Jing;PAN Yongfei;WANG Yinglie;LIU Yajing(China Academy of Ordnance Science,Beijing,100089;Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Shaanxi Xi'an,710065)

机构地区：[1]中国兵器科学研究院,北京100089 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《爆破器材》2019年第4期1-10,共10页Explosive Materials

摘　　要：斯蒂芬酸铅和叠氮化铅等传统起爆药含有重金属,对环境污染大,其应用受到了很大的限制。绿色起爆药是一类不含铅、汞等重金属,具有一定安定性且爆轰性能优异的起爆药品种,是当前火工药剂研究领域里的热门课题之一。从绿色起爆药的合成、性能及应用等角度对其近年来的研究进展进行了综述,梳理了绿色起爆药研究的发展方向和趋势,指出今后研究的几点重要方向:努力探索、寻找新的合成线路,并优化其工艺条件,实现绿色起爆药安全化、规模化、稳定化制备;进一步建立、健全绿色起爆药理论设计、性能评估、演示验证等方面的规范和标准;继续开发新型绿色高能起爆药的设计、合成与应用基础研究,进一步改善起爆药的综合性能;设计和选择合适的配体与金属离子以及控制反应条件等因素,对系统研究高氮杂环配位化合物类绿色起爆药的结构与性能具有重要的意义。Traditional primers such as lead azide and lead stefanate have great pollution to the environment due to their heavy metals,and their application is greatly limited.Green primer is a kind of primer that does not contain lead,mercury and other heavy metals.It has certain stability and explosive performance.It is one of the hot topics in the field of pyrotechnics research.In this paper,the research progress of green primary explosive in recent years is briefly reviewed from the perspectives of its formulation,performance and application.The development direction and trend of green primary explosive research are clarified.Several important directions for future research were pointed out.It needs to explore new synthetic routes and optimize its technological conditions,realize safe,large-scale and stable preparation of green primary explosive,further establish and perfect the norms and standards for theoretical design,performance evaluation,demonstration and verification of green primary explosive.It is needed to continue to develop the basic research on design,synthesis and application of new green high-energy primary explosive,further improve the comprehensive performance of primary explosive and realize its application in initiating explosive device as soon as possible.Design and selection of suitable ligands and metal ions and the control of reaction conditions are of great significance to the systematic study of the structure and properties of high nitrogen heterocyclic coordination compound green primary explosive.

关 键 词：绿色起爆药 四唑类起爆药 呋咱类起爆药 叠氮类起爆药 含能材料 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]