烟秆拔秆破碎机机架轻量化设计与动静态特性分析  

Tobacco stalk pulling and shredding machine frame lightweight design and dynamic and static characteristic analysis

作　　者：舒成松 张大斌[1] 张云飞 刘维岗[1] 曹阳[1] Shu Chengsong;Zhang Dabin;Zhang Yunfei;Liu Weigang;Cao Yang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025 ,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2019年第6期55-61,67,共8页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划资助项目(黔科合支撑〔2016〕2038);广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(201645000034018);贵州大学机械工程“技术众筹”研究生创新基地项目(贵大研CXJD﹝2015﹞003)

摘　　要：研制了一种具有烟秆拔秆、输送和破碎抛送等功能的一体式烟秆拔秆破碎机,其机架是影响整机质量和功率消耗的关键部件之一。为减轻机架质量并分析其振动特性,以机架为研究对象,建立机架有限元模型,进行静应力分析及模态分析。在有限元分析基础上,采用拓扑优化和多目标优化的两级优化方案对机架进行轻量化设计,根据优化结果进行机架结构改进、样机加工和开展相应的振动特性验证试验。结果表明:优化后机架最大应力下降34. 22%,质量下降13. 09%;同时,优化后机架功率谱振幅峰值基频为11. 719 Hz,烟秆拔秆破碎机各部件工作时转速的激振频率均低于16. 33 Hz,远低于机架的一阶固有频率27. 591 Hz,机架不会发生共振,轻量化设计后的机架结构具有良好的可靠性。A kind of integrated tobacco stalk pulling and shredding machine which can realize tobacco stalk pulling, grabbing, transporting, shredding, throwing and other operating functions had been designed, the frame is one of the key components affecting the quality and power consumption of the whole machine. Aiming at solving the overweight and analyzing its vibration characteristics ,with machine frame as the research object, established a finite element model for finite element model analysis and static analysis on the frame. On the basis of finite element analysis, topological optimization method and multi-objective optimization method were used for frame lightweight design, according to the optimized results, the frame structure was improved, the prototype was processed and the corresponding vibration characteristic verification test was carried out. Results show that the frame are improved with a maximum stress decrease of 34. 22 % and a mass decrease of 13.09 %. Meanwhile,the power spectrum peak amplitude basic frequency of optimized frame is 11.719 Hz. The revolving speed excitation frequency of each component of tobacco stalk pulling and shredding machine during operation is lower than 16. 33 Hz, which is far lower than 27. 591 Hz,the first order natural frequency of frame which means that no resonance will occur to the frame structure after lightweight design has strong reliability.

关 键 词：拔秆破碎机 拓扑优化 多目标优化 振动特性 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]