氮素处理对不同氮效应型水稻品种产量及群体小气候的影响  

Effects of nitrogen treatments on yield and population microclimate of different nitrogen effects rice varieties

作　　者：蒋芬[1,2] 杨国涛[1,2] 张杰[1,2] 陈敬[1,2] 彭友林 胡运高[1,2] JIANG Fen;YANG Guo-tao;ZHANG Jie;CHEN Jing;PENG You-lin;HU Yun-gao(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China;Rice Research Institute of Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]西南科技大学水稻研究所,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期108-115,共8页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重大研发计划项目(2017YFD0100201,2017YFD0100206);四川省十三五水稻育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0028);四川省科技厅国际合作项目(18GJHZ0204);国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位专家项目(川农业函[2014]91号);四川省省属高校科研创新团队建设项目(14TD0011)

摘　　要：以前期筛选获得的低氮高效型品种F优498和高氮高效型品种内5优768为试验材料,研究了不同氮素水平下两类型品种产量和群体小气候的差异.结果表明:低氮(N0)条件下,低氮高效型品种产量为7 244.12kg/hm^2,其干物质积累量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素稻谷生产效率显著高于高氮高效型品种.高氮(N2)条件下,高氮高效型品种产量达11 265.13kg/hm^2;中氮(N1)条件相对低氮增产率达41.50%,其干物质积累量、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率显著高于低氮高效型品种.随施氮量的增加,两类型水稻的群体各部位光照强度逐渐减小,总体表现为:低氮和中氮条件大于高氮条件,穗层和基部光照强度最大值出现的时间也有所延迟.低氮高效型品种在低氮水平、高氮高效型品种在高氮水平,穗层光照强度较大,穗层和基部温度较高而相对湿度较小.群体营造出高温低湿的小气候条件,有利于提高光合速率和增加物质积累,对增产有一定促进作用.The low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety Fyou 498 and the high-nitrogen and highefficiency variety Nei5you768 from pre-screening were used as materials.This papers studied the differences in the yield and microclimate of population in different nitrogen levels.The results showed that the yield of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety was 7 244.12 kg/hm^2 in low nitrogen condition(N0),and its dry matter accumulation(DMA),N dry matter production efficiency(NMPE)and N grain production efficiency(NGPE)were significantly higher than those of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.In high nitrogen condition(N2),the yield of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety reached 11 265.13 kg/hm^2,and the yield increase of medium nitrogen condition(N1)was 41.50%relative to N0,and its DMA,N recovery efficiency(NRE)and N agronomic efficiency(NAE)were significantly higher than those of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.As the amount of nitrogen is increased,the intensity of light in each part of the two types of rice decreased gradually.The overall performance was as follows:the conditions of N0 and N1 were greater than N2,and the time of the maximum intensity of light intensity at the spike and base was also delayed.Low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at low nitrogen level and high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at high nitrogen level,the light intensity of the panicle layer is larger,and the temperature of the panicle layer and the base layer is higher,but the relative humidity is smaller.Create a small group of climatic conditions of high temperature and low humidity,is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic rate and increase the accumulation of material,which has a certain effect on increasing production.

关 键 词：氮素水平 水稻品种 小气候 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]