超声波测距在智能极速车中的研究  

Research on Ultrasonic Ranging in Speed Car of Intelligent Vehicle

作　　者：王顺菊[1] 薛盛智[2] WANG Shun-Ju;XUE Sheng-zhi(Department of electrical engineering, Anhui Mechatronics Career Technical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000;Chery manufacturing center, Limited by Share Ltd, Wuhu 241000, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽机电职业技术学院电气工程系,安徽芜湖241000 [2]奇瑞汽车股份有限公司,制造中心,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《广西师范学院学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期55-60,共6页Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省自然科学规划项目:城市建设用地配置对农民工市民化影响的研究(AHSKY2016D41)

摘　　要：极速智能车主要依靠车身前方两个电磁传感器检测赛道上的通电铜导线产生的电磁信号来寻迹。电磁传感器离通电铜导线越近采集的信号越大。赛道中间的铜导线通过一个固定频率的电流,通电铜导线的周围产生电磁场,车身前端的电磁传感器有工型电感类似线圈,小车在前进过程中,电感不断切割磁场线,产生一个电压信号,模拟采集这个信号。装配有超声波传感器的智能车可以通过该设备计算智能车周边环境,是否存在障碍物。随着超声波的发出和接受,计时器也随之运转和停止。计时器能够记录超声波由发出到回返的时间,而这时间正是是传感器测距的依据。通过计算,智能车可以得知周边环境和距障碍物的距离。超声波自身的特性令其适用于测距工作,强指向、低消耗、远传播,这些特性令其成为了测距仪的优先选择。而在智能车竞赛中主要用以判断隔离档板是否撤离、撤离后蜂鸣器是否报警。The extreme speed intelligent vehicle mainly relies on two electromagnetic sensors in front of the body to detect the electromagnetic signals generated by the copper conductors on the track. The closer the electromagnetic sensor is away from the copper wire, the larger the signal will be collected. The copper wire in the middle of the track first passes through a fixed frequency current, then the electromagnetic field will be generated around the electrified copper wire. The electromagnetic sensor in the front of the car body has inductance like coils. During the car's advancing process, the inductance continuously cuts the magnetic field line, which will produce a voltage signal to simulate the acquisition of this signal. The front end of the smart car is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic transmitter transmits the ultrasonic wave to the front of the car. At the same time, it starts timing. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the air, it encounters obstacles and returns immediately. When the ultrasonic receiver receives the reflected wave, it stops timing immediately. The car departure is calculated according to the speed and time of the ultrasonic wave, the distance between obstacles. Because of its strong directivity, slow energy consumption and long propagation distance in the medium, ultrasound is often used for distance measurement, such as range finder and level gauge, which can be achieved by ultrasound. In the smart car race, it is mainly used to judge whether the isolating baffle is evacuated and whether the buzzer alarms after evacuation.

关 键 词：测距 超声波 智能 计时 信号采集 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]