走出“唐宋变革论”的误区  

Out of the Misunderstanding of the “Tang-Song Transition”

作　　者：杨际平[1] Yang Jiping

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史学系

出　　处：《文史哲》2019年第4期121-141,168,共22页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝隋唐时期的"士族"不是"贵族"。中国古代确实经历过贵族政治与君主独裁两个阶段,但不是从六朝至隋唐五代以前是贵族政治,宋以后是君主独裁;而是春秋战国以前是贵族政治,秦始皇统一中国以后的秦汉至宋元明清都是君主独裁。唐律令非常明确地承认唐代百姓田的私有性质。《唐令·田令》设计的那种田制,表面上虽有一些土地国有色彩,实际上不改秦汉以来土地私有的现实。隋唐五代敦煌、吐鲁番发现的大量租佃契约和唐代西州堰别青苗簿等都充分证明在两税法成立、《唐令·田令》设计的那种田制名实俱亡以前,租佃制已在除农民自耕外的各种农业生产方式中占主导地位,契约租佃制十分发达。这证明我国隋唐时期农业劳动者既不是"奴隶佃农",也不是"部曲农奴",而是法律身份自由的"良人"。内藤湖南等笔下的隋唐五代,不是我国历史上真实存在过的隋唐五代。其所论率多削我国隋唐五代历史之足,以适欧洲中世纪之履。其基本结论、主要观点,乃至其所持的所谓论据都是错误的。现在亟应走出内藤湖南等"唐宋变革论"误区,还历史真面目。The “noble families” in the period from Wei-Jin to Sui-Tang are not aristocrats.There did exist two stages of aristocracy and autocratic monarchy in ancient China,yet the transformation did not occur in the Tang-Song period,but around the First Emperor of Qin's unification of China.The laws and decrees of Tang explicitly acknowledge the private ownership of land cultivated by common people.A large number of tenancy contracts discovered in Dunhuang and Turpan show clearly that before the two-tax system putting into force,the land tenancy system had been the predominant mode of agricultural production except land-owning farming.This proves that the agricultural laborers in the Sui-Tang period owned free legal status.The basic conclusion and main idea of Naito Konan and some other scholars on the history of Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties just distort the facts to fit the pattern of medieval Europe.

关 键 词：内藤湖南 唐宋变革论 欧洲中心论 歪曲历史 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]