论第一次台海危机期间英国对“神谕”提案的态度演变及原因  

On Evolution and Causes of Britain’s Attitude towards the “Oracle” Proposal in the First Taiwan Strait Crisis

作　　者：奚庆庆[1] Xi Qingqing

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史与社会学院

出　　处：《台湾研究集刊》2019年第3期90-101,共12页Taiwan Research Journal

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“战后英国对中国台湾政策的演变研究(1945—1958)”(15CZS054)

摘　　要：第一次台海危机爆发后,美国经权衡后决定将中国的沿海岛屿问题递交联合国安理会处理,由安理会做出决议维持台海地区的政治和领土现状,此即后来被美、英及新西兰联合命名为“神谕”的提案。英国对美国首倡的“神谕”提案,其态度从最初不明美国初衷时的积极支持到洞悉美国真实意图后的拖延、反对,再到英美目标分歧表面弥合后英国的有限支持,以及最后在新中国政府的反对下,英国判断“神谕”提案绝无实现和平的可能后拒绝对其进行实质性推动。表面上看,英国对“神谕”提案态度多变是出于遏制共产主义及维护台海及远东地区和平的需要,但就其本质而言,它是英国根据不断变化的台海形势,对英美、中英关系折中权衡后做出的政策选择。这种政策选择虽说是英国维护国家利益的权宜之举,但对于远东局势最终走向和平客观上有一定的推动作用,尽管这种推动作用,对于东西方冷战发生后,英国始终将形成“两个中国”作为制定对华政策的出发点而显得极为有限。After the breakout of the first Taiwan Strait Crisis the United States decided to hand over the issue of the off -shore islands to the UN Security Council to maintain the Strait s political and territorial status quo which was later named jointly by the United States Britain and New Zealand as an “Oracle” proposal.In fact the attitude of Britain towards the “Oracle” initiative advocated by the United States kept changing all the time first from the initial positive support because of the unawareness of the American original intention to the delay and even objection to it after knowing clearly their real in tention then again from the limited support after the difference between them in objective was bridged to the final refusal due to the opposition from China to give its substantial support following the confirmation of the absolute impossibility that the proposal could realize peace in the region.Outwardly it was the need for curbing communism and safeguarding the peace in the Taiwan Strait and the Far East that impelled the United Kingdom to keep changes in its attitude toward the proposal. But in essence it was based on the careful weight and balance of the ever-changing situation in the Taiwan Strait the Sino -British and Anglo-American relations that Britain made its policy choice.Essentially this policy choice is considered a choice of expediency for the United Kingdom to safeguard its national interests but objectively it is conducive to the realiza tion of peace in the Taiwan Strait.However ever since the cold war between the East and the West began Britain s role in promoting peace has been extremely limited because its China policy is always oriented to the formation of “two Chinas”.

关 键 词：第一次台海危机 “神谕”提案 英国 态度 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]