乡村劳动力价值萎缩:现实、固化机制与干预策略——兼论乡村振兴规划的渐进性改革  

Reality, Solidification Mechanism and Intervention Strategy of Rural Labor Force Devaluation and the Gradual Reform of Rural Revitalization Planning

作　　者：史晓浩 孙丽华 SHI Xiaohao;SUN Lihua

机构地区：[1]山东省建设发展研究院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第4期51-61,共11页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家住房和城乡建设部科技计划项目“城市更新规域下的城中村改造研究:以山东省为例”(项目编号:2017-R2-025)

摘　　要：乡村劳动力价值萎缩是传统乡村衰败的表现之一,截断乡村劳动力价值萎缩是改善乡村衰败的关键所在.田野调查发现,广大乡村地区普遍存在劳动力低能化、低转移意愿与低劳动力价值并存的现象.既往对这一现象的相关理论分析,没有顾及农民主体性及其与日常社会环境的关联,从而选择性地忽略了导致乡村劳动力价值萎缩的隐秘社会机制.研究发现,小农经济引致的农民低价值心理预期,与企业困境之中的薪酬定价策略、农民与市场之间的双重隔阂、家计生活策略、村庄道德认同等社会关联纠缠在一起,生产出乡村劳动力萎缩的固化结构.当前,制度和法律层面并未完全做好截断乡村劳动力价值萎缩的准备,户籍、农地等关键性制度改革滞后于乡村劳动力价值萎缩的现实,现行劳动法律也与劳动力价值保护现实出现了脱节.新时代对乡村实施综合性、渐进性改革的干预策略,融合国家自上而下战略决策与地方自下而上规划实施的乡村全面振兴实践,有助于打破劳动力萎缩的固化结构,还原乡村劳动力的真实价值。The cruel reality of rural labor force devaluation is themanifestation of the decline of traditional villages,and also the key for improvement.Field survey has foundthat problems such as the incompetence of labor force, low willingness to transfer and low labor force value coexist in rural areas. The present theoretical analysis on this phenomenon fails to take into account the relationship between farmers ' subjectivity and their daily social environment, thus selectively ignoring the hidden social mechanism leading to the devaluation of rural labor force. Through years of planning and investigation, we found that the low-value psychological expectation of peasants caused by small-scale peasant economy is entangled with the social connections such as the salary pricing strategy of enterprises, the double barrier between farmers and markets, the family planning and living strategy, and the moral identity of villages, which interactively produces the solidified structure of rural labor force devaluation. At present, the institution and law are not fully prepared to cut off the devaluation of rural labor force. The key institutional reforms such as household registration and farmland lag behind the devaluation reality.The currentlaborlawis outof linewith the reality of labor force value protection. The intervention strategy of comprehensive and gradual reform in rural areas in the new era, which integrates national top-down strategic decision-making and localbottom-up planning,will help break the solidified structure of labor reduction and restore the real value of rural labor force.

关 键 词：乡村 劳动力 价值萎缩 结构固化 干预策略 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]