紫禁城古建筑防雷的传统方法  

TRADITIONAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION MEASURES OF ANCIENT BUILDINGS IN THE FORBIDDEN CITY

作　　者：周乾[1] ZHOU Qian(Institute of Gugong Studies,Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院故宫学研究所

出　　处：《工业建筑》2019年第5期197-200,共4页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51878182)

摘　　要：紫禁城古建筑保护的重要内容之一即为防雷。在历史上,紫禁城部分古建筑遭受雷击,其主要原因与紫禁城的地理环境、建筑造型、建筑材料类型等因素密切相关。紫禁城古建筑传统的防雷方法有其“迷信”的一面,如采用雷公柱、屋顶的铁链、宝匣等做法;其科学性的一面在于营建材料以木材、砖石等绝缘材料为主。建国后,故宫博物院对大量古建筑安装了避雷针、避雷带,有力地保护了它们免遭雷击。Lightning protection is an important part of protection of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. In history some buildings in the Forbidden City had suffered lightning mainly because of the geographical environment, the building shape and the material type of the buildings. For the ancient buildings, traditional lightning protection measures include superstitious and scientific parts. For the former, the methods such as setting thunder-god column, iron chains on roof, exorcising evil box and so on are useless. For the latter, the insulating building material such as wood and stone can be helpful for lightning proof. After the establishment of PRC, the managers of the Palace Museum have introduced lightning rod and lightning band for the ancient buildings, which basically solve the problem of lightening damage of the buildings.

关 键 词：紫禁城古建筑 防雷方法 迷信 科学 

分 类 号：TU895[建筑科学]