西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及其安全性评价  

Safety Evaluation of Broccoli Residues Returning on Cotton Growth and Its Control Effect on Verticillium Wilt

作　　者：赵卫松[1] 李社增[1] 鹿秀云[1] 郭庆港[1] 王亚娇[1] 王培培[1] 张晓云[1] 董丽红[1] 苏振贺 马平[1] ZHAO Weisong;LI Shezeng;LU Xiuyun;GUO Qinggang;WANG Yajiao;WANG Peipei;ZHANG Xiaoyun;DONG Lihong;SU Zhenhe;MA Ping(IPM Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心/农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2019年第3期449-455,共7页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200601);国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-17);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503109)

摘　　要：本研究探讨了温室和田间试验条件下西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果以及西兰花残体对棉花生长的安全性,以期为深入研究西兰花植株残体对棉花黄萎病的生态防治机制提供依据。将粉碎的西兰花植株残体与培养基质分别按1%、3%、5%、7%和14%处理混匀,在(28±2)℃条件下分别腐解7和30d后种植棉花,测定其对棉花出苗率、株高的影响以及对黄萎病的防治效果。研究结果表明,当腐解时间为7d,西兰花残体处理比例为1%和3%时,棉花出苗率与不添加西兰花残体的空白对照处理不存在显著差异,但对株高具有显著促生长作用,增幅分别为19.46%、42.41%和36.96%;西兰花残体添加比例为5%、7%和14%时,对出苗具有不同程度的抑制作用。当腐解时间为30d时,上述各比例西兰花残体处理后的棉花出苗率和株高与空白对照之间差异不显著。西兰花残体处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,其21d后的防治效果达到72.55%。田间试验表明,西兰花残体在棉花全生育期内对黄萎病的防治效果为43.06%。综合分析表明,西兰花残体的施入,促进了棉花生长,降低了黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,且在发病初期的防治效果优于后期。研究结果为深入研究西兰花残体防治棉花黄萎病的生态机制提供理论依据和技术指导,最终为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和化学农药的减量提供了新途径和思路。Plant disease was controlled to some extent by plant residues.In order to provide basis for further study on the ecological control mechanism of broccoli residues on cotton Verticillium wilt,the safety of broccoli residues on cotton growth was discussed,and the control effect of broccoli residue on Verticillium wilt was evaluated by greenhouse and field experiments.Cotton was planted at culture medium mixed with crushed broccoli residues,7 days and 30 days after decomposition at(28±2)℃,respectively.The emergence rate and plant height of cotton and the control effect of Verticillium wilt were determined.Greenhouse experiment showed that the application of broccoli residues had different effects on the growth of cotton.When the proportion of broccoli residues were 1%-3%at 7 days after decomposition,there was no significant difference in emergence rate between treatments,but the plant height were promoted by 19.46%,42.41%and 36.96%,respectively.When the proportion of broccoli residues was 5%-14%,there were significant inhibitory effects on cotton emergence.When the proportion of broccoli residue were 1%-14%at 30 days after decomposition,there was no significant difference in emergence rate in comparison to control.Meanwhile,the incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt were significantly decreased after treatment with broccoli residues.The relative control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt reached to 72.55%.Field experiments showed that the control efficacy of broccoli residues on Verticillium wilt was 43.06%during the whole growth period of cotton.The results could provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for further study on the ecological mechanism of broccoli residues in controlling cotton Verticillium wilt,and finally provide new ways and ideas for green control of cotton Verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.

关 键 词：西兰花残体 棉花 安全性 黄萎病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]