不同降雨年型下反枝苋和大豆光合特征的比较  

Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics between Amaranthus retro?exus and Glycine max under different annual rainfall pattern

作　　者：孙彦坤[1] 陈睿[1] 李静[1] 鲁萍[1] 李琦 白雅梅[1] 张险峰 肖同玉[1] 李亦奇 SUN Yan-kun;CHEN Rui;LI Jing;LU Ping;LI Qi;BAI Ya-mei;ZHANG Xian-feng;XIAO Tong-yu;LI Yi-qi(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Experimental Practice and Demonstration Center,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学实验实习与示范中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2019年第3期554-563,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770582);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2017018);东北农业大学学术骨干项目(17XG08)

摘　　要：为揭示不同降雨年型下C4外来杂草与C3作物的竞争机制,以C4外来杂草反枝苋和C3作物大豆为研究对象,利用盆栽试验,设置3种降雨年型(高雨量、正常雨量和低雨量),比较单种和混种模式下两种植物的气体交换参数、光合色素含量和比叶面积的差异。结果显示,在相同降雨年型和栽培模式下,反枝苋的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合水分利用效率均高于大豆;反枝苋在三种降雨年型苗期均保持较高的净光合速率,不受降雨年型影响,但大豆净光合速率受降雨年型的影响显著;在低雨量年型下反枝苋光合水分利用效率最大,大豆光合水分利用效率最小。两种植物的这些差别很可能是反枝苋成功入侵东北大豆田的重要原因。The objective of this study was to investigate the competition mechanism between C 4 exotic weeds and C 3 crops under different annual rainfall pattern,C 4 weed Amaranthus retro exus and C 3 crop Glycine max were used as research materials.The three annual rainfall patterns(high rainfall,normal rainfall and low rainfall)were set up in a controlled pot experiment.The differences of photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content and specific leaf area of the two plant species between the sole and mixed planting model were compared.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,evaporation rate and photosynthetic water use efficiency of A.retro exus were higher than those of G.max under the same annual rainfall pattern and planting model.The net photosynthetic rate of A.retro exus was always high in the seedling stage under each annual rainfall pattern,but the net photosynthetic rate of G.max was significantly affected by the annual rainfall pattern.The photosynthetic water use efficiency of A.retro exus was greatest in the low annual rainfall pattern,while the photosynthetic water use efficiency of G.max was the least.These differences between the two plants may be the important reasons for the invasion of A.retro exus into G.max fields in northeast China.

关 键 词：反枝苋 大豆 降雨年型 光合特性 叶绿素含量 比叶面积 

分 类 号：S459[农业科学—植物保护]