不同追肥时期和追肥量对晚播冬小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响  

Effects of Different Topdressing Stages and Amounts on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Late Sowing Winter Wheat

作　　者：宋佳杰 杨佳 崔福柱[1] 郝国花 杨慧 赵丽洁 姚慧敏 弓晓雅 SONG Jiajie;YANG Jia;CUI Fuzhu;HAO Guohua;YANG Hui;ZHAO Lijie;YAO Huimin;GONG Xiaoya(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第7期1203-1206,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121-07);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001-02);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2018115)

摘　　要：以晋太182冬小麦为试材,设置2个追肥时期(起身期、拔节期)和5个追肥量(0,75,150,225,300kg/hm^2),研究不同追肥时期、不同追肥量对晚播冬小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,在追肥量水平相同时,起身期和拔节期追肥都有利于冬小麦籽粒产量提高。在同一追肥时期,追肥可改善小麦穗部性状,在0~300kg/hm^2的追肥范围内,随着追肥量的增加冬小麦的穗粒质量、穗质量、穗粒数和千粒质量均增加,并且追肥量越多晚播冬小麦的产量越高;追肥量为0kg/hm2时,产量最低,为5227.78kg/hm^2;追肥量为300kg/hm^2时,产量最高,达到6244.44kg/hm^2,与不追肥处理相比增产19.4%。追肥时期和追肥量互作对晚播冬小麦产量的影响表现为起身期不追肥产量最低,为5166.67kg/hm^2;起身期追施300kg/hm^2产量最高,为6288.89kg/hm^2,与不追肥处理相比增产21.7%,与拔节期追施300kg/hm^2相比增产1.4%。在0~300kg/hm^2的追肥范围内,起身期和拔节期追肥均可提高晚播冬小麦的产量,其表现为随着追肥量的增加呈逐渐上升的趋势,最适施肥方式为起身期追施300kg/hm2尿素。To study the effects of different topdressing stages and amounts on grain yield and yield components of late sowing winter wheat,in this paper,Jintai 182 winter wheat was used as the test material.There were two topdressing periods(standing stage,jointing stage)and five topdressing amounts(0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm^2).The result showed that at the same rate of topdressing,both at the standing stage and at the jointing stage,the grain yield of winter wheat increased.Under the same condition of topdressing stage,topdressing was beneficial to the development of wheat ear.In the range of 0-300 kg/hm^2,the grain quality per ear,ear quality,number of grains per spike and 1 000-grain quality of winter wheat increased with the increase of topdressing amount.When topdressing amount was 0 kg/hm^2,the yield was the lowest,which was 5 227.78 kg/hm^2.When the topdressing amounts was 300 kg/hm^2,the yield reached the highest level,which was 6 244.44 kg/hm2,compared with 0 kg/hm^2 of topdressing,the yield increased 19.4%.The effect of topdressing time and amount on the yield of late sowing winter wheat was as follows:the yield of no topdressing at the standing stage was the lowest,which was 5 166.67 kg/hm^2.At the standing stage,the yield of topdressing 300 kg/hm^2 was the highest,which was 6 288.89 kg/hm^2,compared with 0 kg/hm^2 of topdressing,the yield increased 21.7%.A yield of 1.4%was higher than that of topdressing 300 kg/hm^2 at jointing stage.Within the range of 0-300 kg/hm^2 topdressing,the yields of late sowing winter wheat at standing stage and jointing stage increase,and with the increase of topdressing amount,the trend is gradually rising.The optimum topdressing method is 300 kg/hm^2 urea at the standing stage.

关 键 词：晚播冬小麦 追肥时期 追肥量 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]