喀斯特生境中白鹇的活动节律、时间分配及集群行为  

Activity Rhythm, Time Budgets and Flocking Behavior of Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) in the Karst Habitat

作　　者：刘佳[1,2] 李生强[1,2] 汪国海[1,2] 林建忠[1,2] 肖治术 周岐海 LIU Jia;LI Shengqiang;WANG Guohai;LIN Jianzhong;XIAO Zhishu;ZHOU Qihai(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology (Guangxi Normal University),Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University),Ministry of Education,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Managementof Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [2]珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [3]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第3期156-165,共10页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31670400,31360093);广西自然科学基金(2015GXNSFDA139013);中国科学院生物多样性委员会“CForBio弄岗样地常规监测”项目;广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室研究基金

摘　　要：2012年8月至2013年10月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区15hm^2森林大样地及其周边地区布设35台红外相机,在12427个相机工作日中共获得白鹇有效照片495张(组),独立有效照片381张(组)。采用日活动强度指数、日行为频次比例和月行为频次比例来分析白鹇的活动规律和时间分配,同时统计白鹇的集群情况,结果表明:(1)白鹇每日有4个活动高峰期,且雌性白鹇的活动高峰期比雄性早1~2h;(2)白鹇的主要行为是移动和觅食,分别占总行为频次的51.33%和37.20%,其余4种行为分别为警戒6.29%、对抗2.10%、休息1.68%、梳理1.40%,雌雄白鹇间在移动(t=2.266,df=28,P=0.038)和警戒(Z=-2.270,N=30,P=0.023)这2种行为上存在显著性差异;(3)仅雄性白鹇在旱季的觅食行为比例显著高于雨季(t=0.252,df=13,P=0.026),而其他行为频次比例无显著的季节性差异;(4)白鹇集群群体的个体数量为2~6只,其中2~3只比例最大,占95.06%;(5)白鹇有雌性集群、雄性集群及混合集群3种方式,在雨季以单性集群(尤其是雌性集群)为主,而在旱季则以混合集群为主,存在显著差异(Х^2=6.984,df=1,P=0.008)。白鹇表现出来的活动节律、时间分配以及集群行为是对喀斯特石山栖息地的一种行为适应和生存策略。From August 2012 to October 2013,35 infrared cameras we set in a 15 hm^2 Forest Plot and its surrounding areas of Nonggang National Nature Reserve,and the total work time of these cameras in the field added up to 12 427 days and totally 495 photos were obtained in relation to Lophura nycthemera and 381 independent photos.Three kinds of activity patterns indices(Day intensity index DII,Day behavior frequency ratio P i,Month behavior frequency ratio P j)were used in the research and its flocking behavior were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Four diurnal activity peaks were observed for the individuals,and each activity peak of the females was one or two hours earlier than that of males;(2)The behavior of moving and foraging dominated the diurnal behavior of L.nycthemera,accounting for 51.33%and 37.20%,respectively,and the other four behaviors are in the order of vigilance(6.29%),grooming(2.10%),resting(1.68%),conflicting(1.40%).There were significant differences in moving(t=2.266,df=28,P=0.038)and vigilance(Z=-2.270,N=30,P=0.023)between male and female silver pheasants.(3)The frequency of foraging of the males in dry season was significantly higher than that in rainy season(t=0.252,df=13,P=0.026),but there was no significant difference in other behavior frequency ratios between the dry season and the rainy season;(4)A flock size of L.nycthemera usually ranged 2 to 6 individuals and 2~3-member flocks dominated the studied flocks up to 95.06%;(5)Female-female flocking,male-male flocking and male-female mixed flocking were three kinds of flocking patterns of L.nycthemera,and female-female flocking mainly formed in rainy season,male-female mixed flocking mainly happened in dry season(Х^2=6.984,df=1,P=0.008).What L.nycthemera shows about activity rhythm,time budgets and flocking behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation and survival strategy in the Karst.

关 键 词：红外相机技术 白鹇 活动节律 时间分配 集群行为 喀斯特石山生境 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]