花生花器官形态建成及异型雄蕊发育研究  

The Floral Morphogenesis and Development of Heteromorphic Stamens in Arachis hypogaea L.

作　　者：王海霞[1,2] 陶莹芳[2] 丁雨龙 WANG Hai-xia;TAO Ying-fang;DING Yu-long(Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China / College of Biology and the Environment/ Bamboo research institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Qingdao Agricultural 'University , Qingdao 266109, China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心/生物与环境学院/竹类研究所,江苏南京210037 [2]青岛农业大学化学与药学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《花生学报》2019年第2期19-26,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-14);江苏高等教育机构优先发展学术项目

摘　　要：本研究观察了四个花生栽培品种和一个异源四倍体野生种的花器官形态建成以及异型雄蕊的发育过程,以期为解释花生花发育相关基因的时空表达和花生育种提供形态解剖学依据.试验以花生普通型弗罗蔓生(Aachihypogaaavar.hypogaea'Florunner')龙生型永城小麻壳(A.hypogaeavar.hirsuta'Yong-cheng Xiaomake)、多粒型四粒红(A.hypogaea var. fastigiata 'Silihong)珍珠豆型白沙1016(A. hypogaea var. vulgaris 'Baisha1016')和异源四倍体野生种A. monticola不同发育时期的花芽为材料,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对花生花器官模式形态建成、雄蕊发育过程进行研究。结果表明,花两侧对称,常见花器官融合。花器官起始顺序为萼片一雄蕊、心皮一花瓣,共同原基的出现打乱了由外向内的器官起始顺序;对萼雄蕊早于对瓣雄蕊发育;旗瓣、翼瓣、龙骨瓣在花发育后期特化形成。五个品种花发育进程相同,对萼雄蕊、对瓣雄蕊环状相间排列,药室分布大致相同,仅退化雄蕊数量上有差别。退化雄蕊仅存花丝,无花药。雄蕊维管的大小与雄蕊发育程度正相关。The morphogenesis of floral organs and the development of heteromorphic stamens of four peanut cultivars and one wild species were observed. The study was in order to provide morphological and anatomical basis for explaining the spatio-temporal expression of genes related to floral development and breeding. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and light microscope(LM) were used to examine the morphology and structure of floral development and stamens development based on four peanut cultivars, Arachis hypogaea var. hypogaea ’Florunner’, A. hypogaea var. hirsuta ’Yong-cheng Xiaomake’, A. hypogaea var. fastigiata ’Silihong’, A. hypogaea var. vulgaris ’Baisha1016’ and one allotetraploid wild species, A. monticola. The floral organ fusion is common for zygomorphic flower. The floral organ initiation sequence was sepal-stamen, carpel-petal. The common primordia disturbed the order of organ initiation from the outside to the inside. Vexillum, alaes and keels were specialized until the late stage of floral development. The antesepal stamen developed earlier than the antepetal stamen. The flower development process of the five investigated materials were the same. The antesepal stamen and antepetal stamen were arranged interlaced with each other. The distribution of the pharmacophore was approximately the same. There were only differences in the number of staminodes. The staminodes had only filaments without anther. The size of the vascular tube of stamens was positively correlated with the process of stamen development.

关 键 词：花生 花器官发生 雄蕊发育 组织观察 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] Q944.58[生物学—植物学]