中国3种青鳉鱼类初孵仔鱼发育与形态比较  

Developmental and morphological differences in hatching larvae of three Chinese Oryzias species

作　　者：陈国柱[1,2] 金锦锦 肖乔芝 仇玉萍 CHEN Guozhu;JIN Jinjin;XIAO Qiaozhi;QIU Yuping(National Positioning Research Station for Dianchi Wetland Ecosystem, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;College of Wetlands/National Plateau Wetland Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南省滇池湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学,湿地学院/国家高原湿地研究中心,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第4期713-721,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31400477);云南省科技计划农业联合面上项目(2017FG001-066)

摘　　要：对中国珠江流域及邻近区域主要的青鳉鱼类中华青鳉(Oryzias sinensis)、鳍斑青鳉(Oryzias pectoralis)和弓背青鳉(Oryzias curvinotus)初孵仔鱼形态特征进行了观察。研究结果显示,在水温(27.0±1.0)℃水浴孵化条件下, 3 种青鳉鱼类初孵仔鱼形态存在差别。鳍斑青鳉初孵仔鱼体长为(4.64±0.18) mm,显著大于中华青鳉[体长(4.04±0.19) mm]及弓背青鳉[体长(3.88±0.17) mm]的初孵仔鱼。单因素方差分析显示,三者在 22 个形态测量及可数性状指标中 20个指标(占 90.9%)存在显著差异(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,体全长、头长、头长/体高、体长/体高、肛后长、口宽及卵长径等指标是影响三者形态差异的主要因素。判别分析进一步表明三者形态差异明显,且易于区分。单因素相似性分析(ANOSIM)更进一步证实三种青鳉初孵仔鱼形态差异具有统计学意义。聚类分析显示,鳍斑青鳉与弓背青鳉初孵仔鱼形态更为接近,中华青鳉初孵仔鱼独立成一类,该结果与 3 个物种间地理分布格局远近情况相同。更为浓密的背部及腹部色素特征可以将中华青鳉初孵仔鱼与其余两个物种初孵仔鱼区别,胸鳍上点状色素花特征则可进一步将鳍斑青鳉与弓背青鳉初孵仔鱼区分。另外,众多形态测量指标也可以将鳍斑青鳉及弓背青鳉初孵仔鱼区分。An investigation into the developmental and morphological differences among the hatching larvae of three Chinese Oryzias species, Oryzias sinensis, Oryzias pectoralis, and Oryzias curvinotus, was conducted. All emtryos and larvae were cultured in a water tath with a temperature of (27.0±1.0)℃. The results showed that there are significant differences in morphology among the hatching larvae;specifically, the tody length of O. pectoralis larvae [(4.64±0.18) mm], is much larger than that of O. sinensis [(4.04±0.19) mm], and O. curvinotus [(3.88± 0.17) mm]. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that 90.9% of measurements were significantly different among the three species’ hatching larvae (20 of the 22 measurements). Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that total tody length (TL), head length (HL), HL vs. tody depth (BD), TL/BD, anal length (AL), mouth width (MW), and yoly length (YL) were the main variatles contrituting to the morphological differences among the hatching larvae. Additionally, discriminant analysis confirmed the differences among the larvae, and the larvae were separated from one another in the comtined plot for the discriminant analysis. The atove results were also confirmed ty analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). ANOSIM showed that the differences among the larvae had statistical significance (P<0.05). On the other hand, cluster analysis revealed that O. pectoralis and O. curvinotus larvae are more similar to each other than to O. sinensis larvae, and O. sinensis larvae were isolated in the dendrogram constructed from the cluster analysis. This result correlates to their geographical distritutions, tecause O. pectoralis and O. curvinotus populations are found closer to one another than to O. sinensis populations in the wild. Finally, the chromatophore pigment pattern on the tody could te used to discriminate the Oryzias larvae;the chromatophore pigment on the atdomen is denser on O. sinensis larvae than on the larvae of the other species, and the chromatophore pigment on

关 键 词：中华青鳉 鳍斑青鳉 弓背青鳉 仔鱼 形态 发育 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]