针孔管式小麦精准点播装置设计与吸种性能研究  

Design and seed suction performance of pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device

作　　者：刘俊孝 王庆杰[1,2] 李洪文 何进[1,2] 卢彩云 Liu Junxiao;Wang Qingjie;Li Hongwen;He Jin;Lu Caiyun(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Farmland Conservation Science Observation and Experiment Station in North Hebei Province of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部河北北部耕地保育科学观测实验站,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第11期10-18,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS03);教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039)联合资助

摘　　要：精准点播可保证播种作业的播量、播深及株距的均匀度,增强个体发育,但因小麦种子具有籽粒小、种植密度大等特点,目前尚缺少小麦精准点播装备。针对这一问题,该文设计了一种基于气力吸附、定点打穴、精准投种的针孔管式小麦精准点播装置,并对其吸种性能进行研究。确定了该播种机构的工作原理及主要结构,通过理论计算,确定适宜株距为2.73 cm,针孔吸种管扰动距离为7.86 cm,应分3行排布。以吸种孔位置、吸种孔直径和吸种面形状为因素,以漏种指数、重种指数和单粒指数为指标进行正交试验,得出最优参数组合为:吸种孔位置为顶面,吸种孔直径为2 mm,吸种面形状为凸面;在此条件下,试验结果为漏种指数为4.1%,重种指数为7.3%,单粒指数为88.6%,满足设计要求。Precise seeding on point is a wheat seeding method which can control the spatial distribution of seeds in the soil effectively and strive to achieve equal seeding amount,grain spacing and seeding depth,so as to further improve the seeding quality of wheat.In order to achieve this goal,the organic combination of precision seeding and accurate seed casting was put forward.The functions of quantitative seed separation and stable seed transportation of seeder were integrated into the seed casting device to change the form of seed transportation,so as to realize the precision fixed seeding of single grain of wheat.This paper put forward a method based on seed adsorption,point perforation and precision seeding.According to this method,the pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device was designed.The main working principle is as follows:The outer wall of the seeding wheel is pressed on the soil,and the pinhole seed suction tube is inserted into the soil.When the seeding wheel rolls,the pinhole seed suction tube is driven to rotate.The pneumatic distribution mechanism is connected with the fan that is divided into negative pressure area and positive pressure area to provide pressure for the pinhole seed suction tube in the position of seeding and throwing.The pinhole seed suction tube with negative pressure picks up the seeds in the seed box,and transports the seeds to the soil with the rotation of the seeding wheel.When the pinhole seed suction tube reaches the designated seed drop point,it is in the positive pressure area of the pneumatic distribution mechanism.The seed suction hole changes from negative pressure to positive pressure,and seeds are blown into the soil to complete the sowing.According to the number of basic seedlings required by precision seeding method,the planting frequency was calculated to determine the plant spacing.The appropriate directional planting distance was 2.73 cm and the spacing angle in seeding wheel of pinhole seed suction tube was 15.65°.When the pinhole seed suction tube was inserted i

关 键 词：机械化 设计 农作物 小麦 针孔管式 吸附取种 定点打穴 精准点播 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]