草甸白浆土稻秆氮利用效率及氮素调控对水稻产量的影响  

Nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice straw and effect of nitrogen regulation technology on yield in meadow albic soil

作　　者：王秋菊[1,2] 焦峰 刘峰[1] 迟凤琴[1] 姜辉[4] 李鹏绯 Wang Qiuju;Jiao Feng;Liu Feng;Chi Fengqin;Jiang Hui;Li Pengfei(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Bayi AgriculturalUniversity,Daqing 163319,China;Office of Academic Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Qinjin Farm Modern Agricultural Development Center,Fujin 156331,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆163319 [4]黑龙江农业科学院科研处,哈尔滨150086 [5]前进农场现代农业发展中心,富锦156331

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第11期86-94,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD23B05);重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300902-05)资助

摘　　要：为明确三江平原草甸白浆土水稻秸秆还田条件下如何进行施肥,以期为秸秆全量还田条件下水稻氮肥的优化施用提供理论依据和技术指导。该文在白浆土上进行了秸秆氮利用试验、秸秆还田氮素优化施用试验、及氮素调控时期的试验研究。结果表明:通过15N同位素示踪确定,秸秆氮对水稻植株氮素累积量贡献率为6.49%~7.48%,对茎叶氮素累积量的贡献率为3.26%~4.16%,对籽粒贡献率为8.67%~9.74%;秸秆氮素当年总利用率为6.51%~7.65%;调节碳/氮比有利于提高秸秆氮素利用率。大田试验证实秸秆还田条件下施氮量连续3a比常规施氮量减少10%,排水性好的田块有增产效果,3a平均增产6.17%,减氮20%以上产量低而且年际间不稳,减氮时期适合均衡减氮和基肥减氮,蘖肥和穗肥减氮减产极显著;排水性不良田不适合减氮,减氮导致减产。不同土壤秸秆还田后氮素调控有差异,要因地制宜根据土壤条件制定相应的氮素管理措施。Straw returning to the filed can not only improve soil fertility,but also alleviate the imbalance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,improve crop yield and quality,and reduce the cost of agricultural production.Rice straw is decomposed gradually by microorganisms in the soil,which can release nitrogen to the soil for rice growth.Nitrogen released from straw can be divided into expended nitrogen and nitrogen retained in soil.Expended nitrogen can be further divided into nitrogen absorbed by plant and lost nitrogen.15 N tracer technology is an effective means to study the nitrogen budget of farmland,by which we can accurately grasp the status of nitrogen utilization and residue,and analyze the nitrogen utilization efficiency of straw.Understanding the utilization rate of straw nitrogen is the premise of fertilization regulation and control.Heilongjiang Province still lacks the utilization rate of nitrogen in rice straw and the technical achievements of nitrogen regulation and control under straw returning conditions.In this paper,we take Qianjin Farm(132°17′E,47°34′N),Sanjiang Plain as test site and the albic soil as the test soil.we conduct a series of experiments during nitrogen regulation and control period including 15 N straw labeling tracer test and straw returning nitrogen optimization test,the utilization rate of nitrogen in straw after rice straw returns to the albic soil is defined and the optimized application technology of nitrogen fertilizer after rice straw returns to the albic soil is summarized,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer after straw returns to the field.The results showed that,according to 15 N isotope tracer,the contribution rate of straw nitrogen in the albic soil to rice plant nitrogen accumulation was 6.49%-7.48%,3.26%-4.16%to stem and leaf nitrogen accumulation,8.67%-9.74%to seed;the total nitrogen use efficiency of straw was 6.51%-7.65%in the current year,and the adjustment of C/N ratio was beneficial to im

关 键 词：土壤 秸秆 氮 白浆土 秸秆还田 15N标记 氮利用率 氮素调控 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]