从组织结构到职责权限——美国国会情报委员会的运作方式  

From Organizational Structure to Responsibility and Authority: A Study on the Modus Operandi of U.S.Congressional Intelligence Committees

作　　者：刘磊[1] 邵煜 LIU Lei;SHAO Yu(School of History,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China;Center of Periodical Management,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069 [2]西北大学期刊管理中心,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期135-143,共9页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：陕西省教育厅人文社科研究计划项目(15JK1716)

摘　　要：20世纪70年代中期国会情报委员会的设立,是美国国会现代委员会体制走向完善的重要一环。美国国会情报委员会的建立,在美国国会史上第一次拥有一个负责监督政府整个情报领域的专门委员会,也是美国迄今为止唯一的国会常设特别委员会。美国国会情报委员会享有广泛的情报监督和审查权,主要包括:立法倡议权、预算监督审查权、人事任命“咨询权”及相关的调查权和传讯权。国会情报委员会因此成为美国国会与总统争夺情报决策权的得力助手和工具,构成了越战和水门事件之后美国国会权力复兴的重要途径。In the mide-1970s,the establishment of the Congressional Intelligence Committees constitutes the significant development and improvement of U.S.congress modern committee systems.The Congressional Intelligence Committees are so far the first congress permanent select committees,and make the congress for the first time in its history to have select committees responsible for overseeing the entire intelligence community.The U.S.Congressional Intelligence Committees have a wide range of intelligence oversight and review powers,including the right of submitting proposals for legislation,budget supervision and review,the advice and consent for important personnel appointments by president,and related investigative and subpoena power.Therefore,the U.S.Congressional Intelligence Committees become right-hand tools for congress to strive for intelligence decision-making power with American presidents,which comprises an important approach for the resurgence of U.S.congressional power in the aftermath of Vietnam War and Watergate scandal.

关 键 词：参议院情报特别委员会 众议院常设情报特别委员会 情报监督 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]