全球岩相古地理演化与油气分布(一)  

Evolution of lithofacies and paleogeography and hydrocarbon distribution worldwide(Ⅰ)

作　　者：张光亚[1] 童晓光 辛仁臣[3] 温志新[1] 马锋[1] 黄彤飞 王兆明[1] 于炳松[3] 李曰俊[4] 陈汉林[5] 刘小兵[1] 刘祚冬[1] ZHANG Guangya;TONG Xiaoguang;XIN Renchen;WEN Zhixin;MA Feng;HUANG Tongfei;WANG Zhaoming;YU Bingsong;LI Yuejun;CHEN Hanlin;LIU Xiaobing;LIU Zuodong(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China;China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd.,Beijing 100034,China;China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司,北京100034 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [5]浙江大学,杭州310058

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2019年第4期633-652,共20页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05028-003,2016ZX05029-001);中国石油天然气集团公司科技重大专项(2013E-050103)

摘　　要：基于全球4981个地质单元前寒武纪以来各地质时期(纪或世)的岩相古地理等地质特征分析,应用全球岩相古地理编图新方法,系统编制全球现今地理位置13个纪或世关键时间点的岩相古地理图,结合古板块恢复成果实现古构造位置下的原型盆地和岩相古地理恢复。研究表明:前寒武纪以来全球发育22种岩相组合和10种古地理单元,其岩相古地理特征及演化主要受板块解体、汇聚造山及大陆形成的影响;以前寒武纪及古生代7个时期岩相古地理研究结果为例,前寒武纪晚期及寒武纪为罗迪尼亚超大陆大规模解体时期,造成隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区面积较小,滨浅海相区规模及其浅水碳酸盐岩台地扩展;泥盆纪随劳俄超大陆的形成,隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区面积开始增加,滨浅海相区规模及其浅水碳酸盐岩台地萎缩;二叠纪潘基亚大陆形成,全球隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩陆相区的发育达到极盛,滨浅海相区分布十分局限。不同时期岩相古地理特征及其演化规律为分析全球烃源岩、储集层、盖层等成藏要素形成条件,揭示全球油气分布规律,科学预测油气富集区奠定了基础。By using a large amount of geological and geophysical data,the geological characteristics such as lithofacies and paleogeography of 4981 geological units at thirteen key geological periods or epoches since the Precambrian in the world have been figured out.The global lithofacies and paleogeography charts have been compiled by ArcGis mapping technology.Combined with the results of plate-paleogeography reconstruction,the lithofacies and paleogeography as well as the prototype basins of these global paleoplates have been restored with the Gplate software.Results show that there are 22 kinds of lithofacies combinations and 10 types of paleogeography units developed since Precambrian.These features of lithofacies and paleogeography as well as their evolution were mainly controlled by the divergent and convergent movements of those plates.Taking the results of the lithofacis and paleogeography at the present and paleoplate location during the seven key geological periods from the Precambrian to Paleozoic for example,during the Late Precambrian and Cambrian,the large-scale disintegration of the Rodinia supercontinent resulted in reduction of uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area,the expansion of coastal-shallow marine facies and shallow-water carbonate platform.In Devonian,uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies area began to increase and littoral-shallow marine facies area and shallow-water carbonate platform shrank as a result of the formation of Larussia supercontinent.In the Permian,with the formation of the Pangea continent,the development of the global uplift denudation area and clastic terrestrial facies reached its peak,while the littoral and shallow marine facies were very limited in distribution.The lithofacies and paleogeography features and evolution patterns of different stages lay a solid foundation for analyzing the formation conditions of geological elements,such as source rocks,reservoirs and cap rocks for oil and gas accumulation,and revealing the distribution regular

关 键 词：全球 岩相古地理 古地理图 板块构造 原型盆地 构造演化 岩相组合 油气分布 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]