氨氮降解菌的筛选、鉴定与复合菌水质调控效果研究  

SCREENING AND IDENTIRICATION OF DEGREADING AMMONIANITROGEN BACTERIA AND ITS EFFECT ON WATER QUALITY CONTROL

作　　者：陈红菊[1] 王慧[1] 孔维祎 许高朋 王晓云[1] 赵燕[1] 季相山[1] CHEN Hong-Ju;WANG Hui;KONG Wei-Yi;XU Gao-Peng;WANG Xiao-Yun;ZHAO Yan;JI Xiang-Shan(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;Ocean college,China Agricultural University,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学山东省动物生物工程与疾病防治重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]中国农业大学(烟台)海洋学院,烟台264000

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2019年第4期875-883,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类创新团队环境调控岗位(SDAIT-13);山东省“双一流”奖补资金资助~~

摘　　要：为寻找高效降解水体中氨氮的菌株并对其进行应用评价,研究从多种水产养殖池塘水体和底泥的混合物中筛选出2株氨氮降解菌,降解率分别达97.8%和98.5%,经鉴定均为凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)。对筛选出的2菌株培养条件进行优化,2菌株pH、C/N适应范围广,并且耐高温、高盐。通过灌服试验表明所筛选菌株对养殖动物是安全的。在此基础上,将筛选菌株与本实验室前期诱变菌株B38复配后制成复合菌,通过养殖试验评价了复合菌对氨氮、亚硝酸盐及藻类数量的调控效果。与4种商品微生态制剂(光合细菌、酵母菌、强效EM和芽孢杆菌)相比,泼洒复合菌的池塘氨氮含量逐渐降低。在氨氮含量下降的同时,亚硝酸盐含量有上升的趋势,但在试验的第18天,复合菌组与酵母菌组亚硝酸盐含量有所降低。对藻类数量的影响结果显示,从第9天开始添加复合菌与芽孢杆菌组藻类数量高于其他各组,在第14天,这2组藻类数量大约为其他组的2倍。由此可见,复合菌具有明显的降氨氮特性,并能有效增加藻类数量,但对亚硝酸盐降解效果不显著。研究为复合型微生态制剂的开发提供了技术支撑。Excessive ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture waters can impact immunity,growth,and morbidity and mortality of the cultured animals.The ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture waters is mainly removed by microbial degradation.In this study,two ammonium removal strains were screened from a mixture of water and sediment in variety aquaculture ponds and identified as Bacillus coagulans.The degradation rate of the two strains were 97.8% and 98.5%,respectively.Two strains could adapt high pH value and C/N range,and have high resistance to high temperature and high salt.The oral administration trials verified that the two strains were safe for cultured aquatic animals.The two screened strains and the previously obtained mutagenic strain B38 in our lab were mixed with 1∶1∶1 ratio to make a probiotics complex,and its effects on the amount of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and algae were evaluated by 18 days farming trials.Compared with the four commercial probiotics (Photosynthetic Bacteria,Yeast,EM and Bacillus),ammonia nitrogen decreased greatly in the ponds using probiotics complex.The number of algae in the ponds using probiotics complex and Bacillus from the 9^th day was higher than other groups,and the amount of algae were about twice as much as the other groups on the 14^th day.The probiotics complex can reduce ammonia nitrogen and increase the number of algae.This study provides a foundation for the development of complex probiotics.

关 键 词：氨氮降解菌 复合菌 氨氮 亚硝酸盐 藻类 

分 类 号：Q938.3[生物学—微生物学]