13-14世纪牛津大学自治因素探析  

An Analysis of Oxford’s Autonomous Factors in the 13th and 14th Century

作　　者：王静[1] WANG Jing(School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《唐山师范学院学报》2019年第4期78-84,共7页Journal of Tangshan Normal University

摘　　要：牛津大学自成为一个有组织的社团以来,就开始谋取特权,并以此为基础寻求自治。影响大学获得自治的因素主要是教会和国王。教会希望控制大学对抗国王,国王希望通过大学加强自己的实力和声誉。正是在两方势力的掣肘中,牛津大学稳步扩大特权,最终发展为一所享誉欧洲的自治团体。国王在这一过程中给予较多帮助,这也为我们窥探中世纪英格兰王权与教权的关系提供了一个视角。The university of Oxford has begun seeking privileges since it became an organized community and took privileges as the bases for its autonomy. Factors that played significant roles are the Church and the kings. The former desired to combat against the kings by controlling the university. The latter, however, expected to enhance their power and prestige. It is in this contention that Oxford expended its privileges step by step and grew into a distinguished self-governing community finally. Compared with the Church, English kings offered more in this process, which provided us with a new perspective of the relationship between the church and the kings.

关 键 词：牛津大学 自治 教会 特权 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]