市政有限空间气体危害因素检测及作业安全风险评估  

On monitoring of the gas hazards in the municipal confined space and assessment of the corresponding risk

作　　者：杨春丽[1] 刘艳[1] 秦妍[1] 陈娅[1] 谭聪[1] YANG Chun-li;LIU Yan;QIN Yan;CHEN Ya;TAN Cong(Occupational Hazards Control Technology Center,Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection,Beijing 100054,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市劳动保护科学研究所职业危害控制技术中心

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第3期931-937,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院创新团队计划课题(IG201702C1);北京市自然科学基金项目(8152014)

摘　　要：市政有限空间是有限空间作业事故的高发场所。以市政热力、排污和电力有限空间为研究对象,检测了有限空间内部存在的气体危害因素,分析了市政有限空间气体危害特点,明确了影响市政有限空间作业安全的相关因素,并采用层次分析法计算了各因素的权重,分析了作业风险。结果表明,不同市政有限空间气体危害差异较大。根据检测结果,热力有限空间缺氧危害较为严重,尤其是密闭检查室更为严重;排污有限空间气体危害因素较多,其中以中毒窒息危害较为严重;电力有限空间内部相对环境较好。层析分析法能综合考虑各种因素对作业风险的影响,可作为评价作业风险的有效方法。In order to identify the main gas-explosion hazards in the municipal confined space and assess the particular features of their working manners,the present paper has tested and registered the confined space of the municipal thermos radiation,the pollution situation brought about by the urban sewage and the electric power application. Through the above mentioned analysis means,we have also made more comprehensive discussion over the factors that are likely to affect the environment safety of such confined space so as to work out the weights of each factor through an analytic hierarchical process. At the same time,we have also examined the concentration rate of the harmful,inflammable and explosive gas hidden in the atmospheric space with the on-site test done. According to the results of the above said onsite experiment and testing,we have found that the concentration of the oxygen in the heat confined space tends to be generally low,with the oxygen deficiency being more serious in the enclosed testing chamber. On the contrary,the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the space tends to be high in the examination chamber but there may still exist a serious deficiency of oxygen.What is more,there may also exist a dangerous potential and potential liability to lead to the risk of hypoxia asphyxia,and the possibility of poisoning and explosion should be said rather mere in the given confined space. Besides,there may also exist lots of other kinds of gas hazards in the said sewage confined space,of which hydrogen sulfide poisoning should be of the most dangerous ones,such as those brought about by the hypoxia suffocation,though the risk of methane explosion should be taken as rather meager. In spite of this,if the blockage causes methane to gather and clustered in the individual spots,it would remain inevitable for it to get exploded,though the risk of the carbon monoxide poisoning can be rather small. For example,in the process of regular operation of the electrically confined space,the internal atmosphere can be ke

关 键 词：安全卫生工程技术 市政有限空间 气体危害 现场检测 风险评估 

分 类 号：X961[环境科学与工程—安全科学]