铀污染控制技术与还原态UO2（s）稳定性研究进展  

Research progress review on uranium pollution control technology and stability of reduced UO2（ s）

作　　者：成先雄[1] 胡民火 连军锋[1] 孔张亮 张鹏[1] 陈于梁 CHENG Xian-xiong;HU Min-huo;LIAN Jun-feng;KONG Zhang-liang;ZHANG Peng;CHENG Yu-liang(School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学建筑与测绘工程学院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2019年第3期1016-1027,共12页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51808268)

摘　　要：铀U(Ⅵ)由于核裂变反应已被广泛用于核能利用和核武器开发,但铀矿开采与冶炼过程中,会向环境中释放一定量的铀。铀元素由于自身具有放射性危害和重金属毒性,因此,会引起一系列生态安全问题。为了实现铀污染控制与维持还原态UO2稳定性,在铀分离、还原等污染控制技术评述的基础上,着重阐述U(Ⅵ)被还原固定形成UO2(s)的稳定性及稳定性维持方法,并对铀污染治理进行了展望。This paper aims to review the uranium pollution control technology,including U( Ⅵ) removal based on the adsorption,membrane separation,and the ion exchange. As a matter of fact,a certain amount of uranium used to be released into the environment during the process of uranium mining and/or smelting. Actually,it is often the case that radiological hazards and heavy metal toxicity of the uranium are likely to cause a series of ecological security problems,in addition to the uranium removal by means of separation technology. All this has made the uranium reduction technology ever increasingly important. In view of what is said above,the present paper intends to collect and synthesize the related research results in terms of ways and methods on the reduction of U( Ⅵ) to the dissolution of UO2( s) precipitates,such as the original uranium material radiation reduction,the photocatalytic reduction,the electrochemical reduction and the microbial reduction. In recent years,some U. S. uranium pollution repair or amending works have been given up because the reduced UO2( s) is easily oxidized by the oxidizing substances in the environment. In order to maintain the stability of UO2( s) caused by the influence of O2,NO-3,the iron oxides,manganese compounds and iron-bearing clay minerals in the environment,the paper would like to make a stressed discussion of the 2 ways of externally adding carbon source as electron donor to meet the microbial metabolism and adding the reducing agent to alleviate the oxidation state to maintain the UO2( s) stability.Even though there exist a few strategies for reducing the uranium pollution control and maintaining the stability of UO2( s),most of research results have not been fully adopted in the engineering practice. Thus,in summary,the paper just starts from the uranium pollution control technology and summarizes the stability of the reduced product UO2( s) and the maintenance of UO2( s)stability comprehensively. And,in such a way,can the paper present merely an outline on the prospect o

关 键 词：环境学 铀污染 控制技术 还原固定 稳定性 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]